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They are good reducing agents. The most stable O.S. of Ln is +3. Hence +2 O.S. tend to change to +3 O.S.by loss of an electron and thus act as reducing agents.(2) Due to lanthanoid contraction, size of Zr and Hf are same. Hence their properties are same. Hence their properties are same(3) The size of Ln+3 ion decreases from La+3 to Lu+3* According to Fa Jan's rule, large cation, small anion, more ionic and more basic. Thus La (OH)3 is strongest base.(4) Fact