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Ce3+ can be easily oxidized to Ce4+

Chemical properties of all the lanthanoids are quite similar.

Gd3+ and Lu3+ are stable.

La4+ exists.

answer is .

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Detailed Solution

(1) Ce=4f15d16s2,Ce+3=4f15d06s0 (2) The valence shell configuration of Ln is the same since e-'s enters into the inner 4f subshell. Moreover, due to Ln contraction, the change in the size of Ln is very small. Therefore, their chemical properties are similar (3) Gd(Z=64):4f75d16s2,Gd3+=4f7Lu(Z=71):4f145d16s2,Lu+3=4f14Due to half filled and full filled stable configuration, they are stable (4) La(Z=57):5d16s2,La3+=5d06s0To obtain +4 O.S. state, the stable configuration is to be disturbed which is not possible. Henc La+4 does not exist.

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