First slide
Group 14 or carbon family
Question

Stability of ions of Ge, Sn and Pb will be in the order

Moderate
Solution

The element of group 14 has 4 valence electrons. Therefore, the oxidation state of the group is +4. However, as a result of the inert pair effect, the lower oxidation state becomes more stable and the higher oxidation state becomes less stable. Therefore, this group exhibits +4 and  +2 oxidation states.

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