First slide

Water and Heavy water

Question

The very first method of removing hardness of water used

Moderate

A

boiling it
B

addition of calgon
C

addition of lime
D

addition of Na₂HCO₃

Solution

${Na}_{2} [{Na}_{4} {({PO}_{3})}_{6}] + M^{2 +} \overset{}{\to} 4 {Na}^{+} {[{Na}_{2} M {({PO}_{3})}_{6}]}^{2 -}$
${Na}_{2} [{Na}_{4} {({PO}_{3})}_{6}] + 2 M^{2 +} \overset{}{\to} 6 {Na}^{+} + {[M_{2} {({PO}_{3})}_{6}]}^{2 -}$
$(M^{2 +} = {Ca}^{2 +}, {Mg}^{2 +})$

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