First slide

Nucleophilic Addition reaction

Question

Which of the following carbonyl compound is most reactive towards nucleophilic addition reactions

Moderate

A

${CH}_{3} CHO$
B

$HCHO$
C

${CH}_{3} {COCH}_{3}$
D

${CH}_{3} {CH}_{2} CHO$

Solution

Rate of Nucleophilic Addition $α$ electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon
Reactivity of Ketones < Aldehydes
Due +I effect and steric hindrance Ketones are less reactive
+I effect of two alkyl groups decreases the electrophilicity of carbon.
Presence two alkyl groups on carbonyl carbon increases the steric hindrance.
$∴$ Most reactive unsubstituted carbonyl compound towards nucleophilic addition is HCHO.

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