Which of the following group(s) is/are m-directing?
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a
-Cl
b
Ph-CH=CH2
c
-CHO
d
-COOH
answer is C.
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Detailed Solution
Although halogens are deactivating by -I effect, they are o- and p-directing due to +R effect. Ph - CH = CH2 due to electromeric effect, donates TE €'s to the benzene and stabilises intermediate Also, (-CHO) and (-COOH) do not have LP e-'s and thus withdraw e-'s from benzene ring and deactivate the ring at o- and p-position. Thus, they are m-directing