Q.

In which of the following ortho/para substitution by an electrophile is very facile?

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a

Nitrobenzene

b

phenol

c

Benzoic acid

d

Acetophenone

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

+ME groups increases the electron density at ortho and para posistions and hence the incoming electrophile chooses to attack at ortho and para position than at meta position.→ –ME groups decreases the electron density at ortho and para positions, hence when compared with O, P-positions at meta position electron density is more, therefore the incoming electrophile preferibly chooses to attack at meta position.
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