First slide

Crystal field theory

Question

Which ion produces a small crystal field splitting (a weak ligand field)?

Easy

A

$I^{-}$
B

${Cl}^{-}$
C

$F^{-}$
D

All

Solution

Strong ligand produces more crystal field splitting. Weak ligand produces small crystal field splitting, thereby increasing strength of ligands
$I^{-} < {Br}^{-} < S^{2 -} < {SCN}^{-} < {Cl}^{-} < N^{3 -} < F^{-}$
Weak field ligand
$\begin{aligned} < {OH}^{-} < C_{2} O_{4}^{- 2} < H_{2} O < NCS \\ ~ H^{-} < {NH}_{3} < en = {CO}_{3}^{2 -} < {NO}_{2}^{-} < {CN}^{-} < {CO}^{-} \end{aligned}$
increasing order of strong field ligands

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