The average of n numbers x1,x2,…,xn is M. If xn is replaced by x' , then the new average is
We have,
M=x1+x2+…+xnn
⇒ x1+x2+…+xn−1+xn=nM⇒ x1+x2+…+xn−1=nM−xn
Let M' be the average of x1,x2,…,xn−1,x′ ...(i)
M′=x1+x2+…+xn−1+x′n⇒ M′=nM−xn+x′n [Using (i)]