If l, m, n are positive and are respectively the pth, qth and rth terms of a G.P., then
Δ=logl p 1logm q 1logn r 1 is equal to
pqr
p + q + r
p + q + r + pqr
0
l=ARp−1,m=ARq−1,n=ARr−1Δ=a+(p−1)dp1a+(q−1)dq1a+(r−1)dr1
where a=logA,d=logR
Use C1→C1−(a−d)C3−dC3 to show ∆=0