Let N denotes the set of natural numbers and r is a relation in N×N. Which of the following is not an equivalence relation in N
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a
( a, b) R (c, d) ⇔a + d = b + c
b
(a, b) R (c, d) ⇔ad = bc
c
(a, b) R (c, d)⇔ad(b + c)= bc ( a+ d)
d
(a, b)R (c, d) ⇔bc(b + c) =ad(a + d)
answer is D.
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Detailed Solution
Let (a, b),(c, d)∈N×N.(1) :The relation R defined by (a, b) R (c, d)⇔a + d = b + c is an equivalence reaction. (2) : The relation R defined by (a, b) R (c, d)⇔ad = bc is an equivalence relation.(3) : Let R = {[(a, b), (c, d)]:ad (b+ c) = bc (a + d), (a, b), (c, d) ∈N×N} ad (b + c) = bc (a +d)⇔b + cbc=a + dad⇔1c+1b=1d+1a⇔1a-1b=1c-1dLet (a, b) ∈N×NWe have, 1a-1b=1a-1b ∴ (a, b)R (a, b)R is reflexiveLet (a, b)R (c, d)∴ 1a-1b=1c-1d⇒ 1c-1d=1a-1b⇒ (c, d) R (a, b) R is Symmetric.Let (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f) ∴ 1a-1b=1c-1d and 1c-1d=1e-1fand ⇒ 1a-1b=1e-1f (a, b) R (e, f)⇒ R is transitive.∴R is equivalence relation. (4) :Let R={[(a, b), (c, d)] : bc (b + c) = ad ( a + d) , (a , b), (c ,d )∈ N×N}Let (a, b)∈ N×NWe have, b a(b +a) = ab ( a +b) , R is reflexive.Let (a, b) R (c, d)∴ bc (b +c) = ad (a +d)⇒ ad (a + d) =bc (b + c)⇒ da(d + a) = cb (c + b)⇒ (c, d) R (a, b)⇒ R symmetricLet (a, b) R ( c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f).∴ bc (b +c) = ad (a +d) and de ( d+ e) = c f (c+ f).These equations need no imply be (b + e) = a f (a + f).∴ (a, b) may not be R - related to ( c, f)∴R is not transitve.∴R is not an equivalence relation.