First slide

Heat Engine; Carnot Engine and refrigerator

Question

Even Carnot engine cannot give 100% efficiency because we cannot :

Moderate

A

Prevent radiation
B

Find ideal sources
C

Reach absolute zero temperature for sink
D

Eliminate friction

Solution

$\begin{array}{rcl} p e r c e n t a g e e f f i c i e n c y o f c a r n o t e n g i n e i s η & = & (1 - \frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}}) \times 100 \\ w h e r e T_{2} =temperature of cold body or temperature of sink \\ T_{1} =temperature of hot body or temperature of source \\ t o g e t 100 % e f f i c i e n c y, T_{2} (the temperature of cold body) should be 0K \\ t o a c h i e v e 0 K i s n o t p o s s i b l e h e n c e e v e n c a r n o t e n g i n e c a n n o t g i v e 100 % e f f i c i e n c y \end{array}$

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