First slide

KVL

Question

N identical cells, each of emf E and internal resistance r are joined in series. Out of N cells, n cells are wrongly connected i.e., their terminals are connected in reverse of that required for series connection $(n < \frac{N}{2})$ . Let E₀ be the emf of resulting battery and r₀ be its internal resistance. Then

Moderate

A

$E_{0} = (N - n) E, r_{0} = (N - n) r$
B

$E_{0} = (N - 2 n) E, r_{0} = (N - 2 n) r$
C

$E_{0} = (N - 2 n) E, r_{0} = N r$
D

$E_{0} = (N - n) E, r_{0} = N r$

Solution

For every cell that is wrongly connected, the emf decreases by 2E. However, internal resistance does not depend on the direction and therefore remains same for all cells.

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