To an observer on the earth the stars appear to twinkle. This can be ascribed to

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The fact that stars do not emit light continuously

Frequent absorption of star light by their own atmosphere

Frequent absorption of star light by the earth's atmosphere

The refractive index fluctuations in the earth's atmosphere

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Refractive index of earth's atmosphere is variable through out the atmosphere, it fluctuates with altitude which makes the stars appears to twinkle.

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