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Q.

The second law of thermodynamics implies

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a

whole of heat can be converted into mechanical energy

b

no heat engine can be 100% efficient

c

every heat engine has an efficiency of 100%

d

a refrigerator can reduce the temperature to absolute zero

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Efficiency of an ideal heat engine η=1−T2T1will be 100%, if T2 = 0 which is not possible to achieve.Alternatively η=WQA=QA−QRQAAccording to second Law of Thermodynamics, heat rejected (QR) cannot be zero.Hence ηcannot be 100%.
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The second law of thermodynamics implies