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a
Increase in concentration of the toxicant from lower to higher trophic level in a food chain
b
Increase in concentration of the toxicant from higher to lower trophic level in a food chain
c
Increase in the biomass from higher to lower trophic level in an ecological pyramid
d
Increase in trophic efficiency from lower to higher trophic levels in an ecosystem
answer is A.
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Detailed Solution
Biomagnification refers to an increase in the concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels. This happens because a toxic substance accumulated by an organism cannot be metabolized or excreted and is thus passed on to the next higher trophic level. In aquatic food chains, the maximum concentration of DDT is found in birds (apex predators) due to biomagnification.