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a
Mutation is a large difference arising suddenly in a population.
b
Darwinian variations are small, gradual and directionless.
c
Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinism.
d
Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature.
answer is B.
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Detailed Solution
Darwinian variations are small and directional. Evolution for Darwin was gradual while de Vries believed mutation caused speciation and hence called it saltation (single step large mutation).