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Due to overexploitation by humans many species like Steller’s sea cow, passenger pigeon got extinct. Introduction of Alien species like Nile perch into Lake Victoria in east Africa led to the extinction of an ecologically unique assemblage of more than 200 species of cichlid fish in the lake. When large habitats are broken up into small fragments due to various human activities, mammals and birds requiring large territories and certain animals with migratory habits are badly affected, leading to population declines.When a host species becomes extinct, its unique assemblage of parasites also meets co extinctions. When passenger pigeon became extinct, lice that are parasitic on it also became extinct.