Q.

The number of trophic levels in the grazing food chain is restricted because

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a

the flow of energy is an ecosystem is unidirectional

b

the flow of energy is an ecosystem is subject to the first law of thermodynamics

c

about 90% of energy in a trophic level is lost as it passes to the next higher level.

d

every exchange of energy decreases the entropy, as per second law of thermodynamics

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

The number of trophic levels in the grazing food chain is restricted as the transfer of energy follows 10 per cent law – only 10 per cent of the energy is transferred to each trophic level from the lower trophic level. Every exchange of energy increases the entropy.
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The number of trophic levels in the grazing food chain is restricted because