Sharks and dog fishes differ from skates and rays because

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gill slits are ventrally placed

head and trunk are widened considerably

distinct demarcation between body and tail

their pectoral fins distinctly marked off from cylindrical bodies.

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Sharks and dogfishes are included under Pleurotremata. They have a spindle-shape body. Their pectoral and pelvic fins are clearly demarcated from the body. Their gill-slits are laterally placed (hence the name Pleurotremata). Skates and rays are included under Hypotremata. They are bottom-dwellers with a dorsoventrally placed body. Their pectoral fins are joined to the sides of the body and head. Their gill-slits are ventrally placed (hence the name Hypotremata).

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