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 Which one of  the  following processes during decomposition is correctly described?

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a
Catabolism - Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition
b
Leaching - Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil
c
Fragmentation - Carried out by organisms such as earthworm
d
Humification - Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate.

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detailed solution

Correct option is C

Detritivores (e.g., earthworm) break down detritus into smaller particles. This process is called fragmentation. By the process of leaching, water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts. Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances. This process is called as catabolism. It is the third step and an oxygen requiring process. Humification is a process of accumulation of a dark coloured amorphous substance called humus that is highly resistant to microbial action and undergoes decomposition at an extremely slow rate.

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