Carbon cannot reduce ${Fe}_{2} O_{3}$ to Fe at a temperature below 983 K because:

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free energy change for the formation of CO is more negative than that of ${Fe}_{2} O_{3}$ .

CO is thermodynamically more stable than ${Fe}_{2} O_{3}$

carbon has higher affinity towards oxygen than iron

iron has higher affinity towards oxygen than carbon

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Carbon cannot reduce ${Fe}_{2} O_{3}$ to Fe at a temperature below 983 K because iron has a higher affinity towards oxygen than carbon

Iron possesses six coordination bonds, including two perpendicular to the porphyrin ring and two with nitrogen atoms as part of a porphyrin ring. For smaller molecules like Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxide, etc., haemoglobin has a stronger affinity. Haemoglobin and carbon monoxide bond with greater affinity.

Hence the correct option is D

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