Which of the following is an anionic detergent ?

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CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COO(CH₂CH₂O)_nCH₂CH₂OH

CH₃(CH₂)₁₀CH₂OSO₃Na

[CH₃(CH₂)₁₅N(CH₃]⁺Br^–

C₆H₅SO₃Na

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons.
Alkyl hydrogensulphates formed by treating long chain alcohols with concentrated sulphuric acid are neutralised with alkali to form anionic detergents.
CH₃(CH₂)₁₀CH₂OSO₃Na Sodium lauryl sulphate is an Anionic detergent.
Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as anions.
Cationic part possesses a long hydrocarbon chain and a positive charge on nitrogen atom.
Hence, these are called cationic detergents.
CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COO(CH₂CH₂O)_nCH₂CH₂OH is a Non-ionic detergent.
Soaps are the sodium salts of long chain carboxylic acids.
[CH₃(CH₂)₁₅N(CH₃]⁺Br^– is a Cationic detergent.
C₆H₅SO₃Na is neither a detergent nor a soap as it does not contain a minimum of 12 carbon atoms in its chain.