Biotechnology MCQ
By Swati Singh
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Updated on 16 Apr 2025, 13:20 IST
Biotechnology is a field of science that involves using living organisms or their parts to develop or make products for a variety of purposes, including medicine, agriculture, and industry. The study of biotechnology can be complex, but breaking it down into multiple-choice questions (MCQs) can help you grasp important concepts in a simple way.
Here is an article on Biotechnology MCQs, designed to help you learn and test your knowledge in this fascinating field:
Top 10 Biotechnology MCQ question with Solution
1. What is Biotechnology?
A. The study of living organisms in their natural environment
B. The use of organisms or their components to make useful products
C. The process of studying the behavior of animals in laboratories
D. None of the above
Answer: B. The use of organisms or their components to make useful products
Explanation: Biotechnology involves using biological systems and organisms to create products or solve problems, especially in fields like healthcare, agriculture, and environmental conservation.
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2. Which of the following is an example of biotechnology in medicine?
A. Planting crops
B. Producing insulin using bacteria
C. Making paper
D. Generating electricity from natural resources
Answer: B. Producing insulin using bacteria
Explanation: In biotechnology, bacteria can be genetically modified to produce substances like insulin, which is used to treat diabetes. This process is an example of biotechnology in medicine.
3. What does GMOs stand for in biotechnology?
A. Great Multiple Organisms
B. Genetically Modified Organisms
C. General Medicine Organisms
D. Global Market Organisms
Answer: B. Genetically Modified Organisms
Explanation: GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. This can be done to improve crop yields or make plants resistant to diseases.
4. Which of the following is used in genetic engineering to modify organisms?
A. Enzymes
B. Solar energy
C. Water
D. All of the above
Answer: A. Enzymes
Explanation: Enzymes, such as restriction enzymes, are used in genetic engineering to cut DNA at specific places, allowing scientists to insert or remove genes in organisms.
5. What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) used for?
A. Extracting water from plants
B. Copying DNA
C. Fertilizing crops
D. Generating electricity
Answer: B. Copying DNA
Explanation: PCR is a technique used in biotechnology to make many copies of a specific piece of DNA. It is commonly used in DNA analysis, such as in crime scene investigations and genetic research.
6. In biotechnology, what is a vector?
A. A device that stores energy
B. A microorganism used to kill harmful bacteria
C. A carrier used to transfer genetic material into a cell
D. A type of plant used in farming
Answer: C. A carrier used to transfer genetic material into a cell
Explanation: In genetic engineering, a vector is a tool, like a virus or a plasmid, used to carry the desired gene into a target organism.
7. Which of the following is an example of a biopharmaceutical product?
A. Soap
B. Insulin
C. Sugar
D. Carbon dioxide
Answer: B. Insulin
Explanation: Biopharmaceuticals are medical drugs produced using biotechnology. Insulin is one of the most common biopharmaceutical products, produced using genetically modified bacteria.
8. What is the role of biotechnology in agriculture?
A. It can help develop pest-resistant crops.
B. It increases the amount of water required for plants.
C. It reduces the amount of sunlight plants need.
D. It has no impact on agriculture.
Answer: A. It can help develop pest-resistant crops.
Explanation: Biotechnology in agriculture helps improve crops by making them more resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. This leads to higher yields and less use of chemicals like pesticides.
9. What is gene therapy?
A. Treating diseases by removing toxins from the body
B. Correcting defective genes responsible for disease
C. Using medicine to cure viral infections
D. A method of improving crop productivity
Answer: B. Correcting defective genes responsible for disease
Explanation: Gene therapy involves replacing or repairing defective genes in a person's cells to treat or prevent diseases. This is an area of active research in biotechnology.
10. Which of the following is a potential benefit of biotechnology?
A. Increased food production
B. Better healthcare treatments
C. Environmental conservation
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation: Biotechnology has the potential to improve many areas of life, including food production, healthcare, and the environment. It can help solve problems like food shortages, diseases, and pollution.
Conclusion:
Biotechnology is an exciting and ever-growing field that combines biology, technology, and innovation to solve problems and improve lives. By understanding key concepts and testing your knowledge with MCQs, you can develop a deeper understanding of biotechnology and its applications in various fields.
Biotechnology MCQ FAQs
What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology is a field of science that uses living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop or create products for medical, agricultural, industrial, and environmental purposes. It combines biological research with technological applications to solve problems and improve life.
What are the types of biotechnology?
There are four main types of biotechnology:
Red Biotechnology: Related to medical applications, such as developing drugs, vaccines, and gene therapies.
Green Biotechnology: Focuses on agriculture, improving crops, pest-resistant plants, and sustainable farming practices.
White Biotechnology: Also known as industrial biotechnology, it involves using biological processes to manufacture biofuels, bioplastics, and other chemicals.
Blue Biotechnology: Concerns marine and aquatic organisms, with applications in biofarming, pharmaceuticals, and environmental conservation.
How is biotechnology used in medicine?
Biotechnology is used in medicine for the production of vaccines, antibiotics, and insulin. It also plays a role in gene therapy, where defective genes are replaced or repaired to treat genetic diseases. Biotechnology also supports the development of diagnostic tools and treatments for various medical conditions
What are GMOs?
GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. This can involve inserting new genes or modifying existing ones to improve traits such as disease resistance, faster growth, or higher nutritional value.
How does biotechnology help in agriculture?
In agriculture, biotechnology is used to develop crops that are resistant to pests, diseases, or environmental stress. It can also enhance the nutritional value of crops and reduce the need for chemical pesticides. This technology helps improve food security by increasing crop yields and reducing the environmental impact of farming.
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organism's DNA to achieve desired traits. This can involve adding, removing, or altering specific genes. Genetic engineering is used in biotechnology for purposes such as producing genetically modified crops, creating medicines like insulin, and developing gene therapies for diseases.
What is gene therapy?
Gene therapy is a medical treatment that involves altering the genes inside a person’s cells to treat or prevent disease. The goal is to replace or repair faulty genes that cause diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, or certain types of cancer. Gene therapy is still being researched and developed.
What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
PCR is a laboratory technique used to amplify or make many copies of a specific segment of DNA. This allows scientists to study small amounts of DNA more easily. PCR is widely used in genetic testing, diagnostics, forensic science, and research.