(A): –NH₂ group in benzene is ring activating and o-, p- directing.
(R): NH₂ increases the electron density in benzene ring through resonance and makes o-, p- positions more electron dense than m- position.

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Both (A) and (R) are false

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true but (R) is false

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Explanation:

Assertion (A): The –NH₂ group in benzene is indeed ring activating and ortho- (o-) and para- (p-) directing. This is because it donates electrons to the benzene ring, increasing the ring's reactivity toward electrophiles.
Reason (R): The –NH₂ group increases the electron density in the benzene ring through resonance, specifically at the ortho and para positions. This makes these positions more electron-rich compared to the meta position, which is why electrophilic substitution reactions preferentially occur at the o- and p- positions.
Conclusion: The reason correctly explains the assertion because the resonance effect of the –NH₂ group directly leads to the activation of the benzene ring and selective enhancement of electron density at the o- and p- positions.

Final Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

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