Ribosomes

The only cell organelle seen in a prokaryotic cell is the ribosome. Its primary function is to translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins, which are essential for cellular processes.

Detailed Explanation:

1. Definition of Prokaryotes:
   • Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms without a well-defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
   • Their genetic material (DNA) is free-floating in the cytoplasm, often concentrated in a region called the nucleoid.
2. Organelles in Prokaryotic Cells:
   • The ribosome is the only organelle found in prokaryotic cells.
   • Unlike the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller, with a sedimentation rate of 70S (composed of 50S and 30S subunits).
3. Function of Ribosomes:
   • Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, a process where they decode mRNA sequences to assemble amino acids into proteins.
   • Proteins produced are essential for various cellular functions, such as enzyme production, structural support, and regulation of biochemical activities.
4. Key Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells:
   • Lack membrane-bound organelles like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, or Golgi apparatus.
   • Other structures include the plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, and sometimes flagella or pili.