What do you know about Castner-Kellner process ? Write the principle involved in it?

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Detailed Solution

The Castner-Kellner process is used for the production of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and chlorine gas (Cl₂) by the electrolysis of brine (a sodium chloride solution). The principle behind the Castner-Kellner process is the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) in an aqueous solution to produce sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas.

Principle Involved: When an electric current is passed through the brine solution, sodium chloride undergoes electrolysis. At the cathode, sodium ions (Na⁺) gain electrons to form sodium metal, which reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas. At the anode, chloride ions (Cl⁻) lose electrons to form chlorine gas (Cl₂).

The overall reaction is: 2NaCl(aq) → 2Na(s) + Cl₂(g)

This process is widely used for producing caustic soda (NaOH) and chlorine gas.

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