What is the chemical formula of baking soda?

The baking soda formula is NaHCO₃, and its chemical name is sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound that plays a crucial role in various applications, especially in cooking, cleaning, and healthcare.

Chemical Composition of Baking Soda

The baking soda chemical name refers to the combination of sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) atoms that form the compound sodium bicarbonate. The formula NaHCO₃ indicates that one molecule of baking soda consists of one sodium ion (Na⁺), one hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO₃^-), and three oxygen atoms.

Uses of Baking Soda

Baking soda is widely used in the food industry, particularly in the preparation of baked goods such as biscuits, cookies, and cakes. It acts as a leavening agent, helping dough rise by releasing carbon dioxide when it reacts with an acid. This reaction is what causes the dough to expand and become light and fluffy.

Physical Properties

Sodium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline substance that is often found in the form of a fine powder. It is mildly alkaline and soluble in water, making it useful for various cleaning and neutralizing applications. Additionally, it has a slightly salty taste, which is why it is also employed in personal care products such as toothpaste.

Industrial Production

The production of sodium bicarbonate in industrial settings primarily uses the Solvay process, which is both cost-effective and efficient. This process involves reacting carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), ammonia (NH₃), and a concentrated brine solution to produce sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. This method requires fewer raw materials and is widely used due to its affordability and scalability.