NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology

Download Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology

For students starting their higher secondary studies, Class 12 Biology NCERT solutions act like helpful friends. Made by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), these solutions are like complete roadmaps to understand tricky biology concepts. Let’s talk about how these NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology, including Chapter 2, are good for both learning and finding info online.

These specially made NCERT 12 Biology solutions follow the topics you learn in class and help you really understand different biology ideas. They explain things like how genes work in simple words or how nature’s balance in ecosystems happens. The language they use is easy to understand and also friendly for search engines, so if you look for NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology online, especially Chapter 2, you can find and understand them easily. These solutions don’t just help with getting ready for exams, but they also make you like biology more by showing how it’s used in real life. They also have pictures, charts, and explanations, which help you do better in your studies and make you love the amazing world of Class 12 Biology NCERT solutions even more.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter-wise

• Chapter 1 – Reproduction in Organisms
• Chapter 2 – Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
• Chapter 3 – Human Reproduction
• Chapter 4 – Reproductive Health
• Chapter 5 – Principles of Inheritance and Variation
• Chapter 6 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance
• Chapter 7 – Evolution
• Chapter 8 – Human Health and Diseases
• Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
• Chapter 10 – Microbes in Human Welfare
• Chapter 11 – Biotechnology Principles and Processes
• Chapter 12 – Biotechnology: and its Application
• Chapter 13 – Organisms and Populations
• Chapter 14 – Ecosystem
• Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and Conservation
• Chapter 16 – Environmental Issues

Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms

Reproduction in organisms is the biological process through which living beings give rise to new individuals. It ensures the continuation of species. Two main types exist: asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual involves a single parent, leading to identical offspring, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and leads to genetic variation. It occurs in both unicellular and multicellular organisms.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms
• Types of Reproduction in Organisms
• Reproduction in Organisms – Plants, Animals, Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the production of seeds through the fusion of male and female gametes. The male gamete (pollen) fertilizes the female gamete (ovule) within the ovary, forming a zygote. This results in the formation of a seed, which contains the embryo and nutritive tissues. The process ensures genetic diversity and the survival of plant species. Pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal are key stages.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants at Infinity Learn

• CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology – Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
• Sexual Reproduction in Plants – Process and Fertilization
• NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 – Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Chapter 3: Human Reproduction

Human reproduction is the process by which humans produce offspring. It involves the fusion of male and female gametes during sexual intercourse. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube, leading to the formation of a zygote. The zygote undergoes mitotic divisions, developing into an embryo, which implants in the uterus. After nine months, childbirth occurs. This process is essential for the continuation of the human species.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 3 Human Reproduction at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 – Human Reproduction
• CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology – Human Reproduction
• Human Reproduction – Fertilization, Male and Female Reproductive System

Chapter 4: Reproductive Health

Reproductive health refers to the overall well-being of the reproductive system in individuals. It encompasses safe sexual practices, family planning, access to healthcare, and prevention and treatment of reproductive disorders. Promoting reproductive health ensures the physical, mental, and social well-being of individuals and societies.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 4 Reproductive Health at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 – Reproductive Health
• Reproductive Health – Definition, Components, Life Cycle Approach & Importances
• CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology – Reproductive Health
• Important Topic of Biology: Reproductive health

Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Principles of inheritance and variation explain how traits are passed from one generation to another. Gregor Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment form the basis. Genetic variation arises due to mutations, genetic recombination, and environmental factors, leading to diversity within populations.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 – Principles of Inheritance and Variation
• Principles of Inheritance and Variation – Mendel’s Law of Inheritance
• CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology – Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

The molecular basis of inheritance elucidates how genetic information is stored, replicated, and transmitted. DNA is the genetic material, composed of nucleotides. Replication, transcription, and translation are essential processes involving enzymes and RNA molecules. Mutations can lead to genetic disorders.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 6 Molecular Basis of Inheritance at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance
• Molecular Basis of Inheritance – Importance of DNA, RNA, and Genetic Code
• Biology MCQs for Class 12 with Answers Chapter 6 Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Chapter 7:  Evolution

Evolution is the change in heritable traits within populations over successive generations. It’s driven by natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation. The theory of evolution by Charles Darwin explains how species adapt to their environment and gives rise to new species.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 7 Evolution at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 7 – Evolution
• Evolution of Life on Earth – Origin and Detailed Explanation of Evolution
• Evolution – History, Role of Genes, Heredity, Gene Flow and Natural Selection

Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases

Human health and diseases explore factors influencing well-being and mechanisms underlying illnesses. Pathogens, genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and environmental conditions impact health. Understanding disease mechanisms aids in prevention and treatment.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 8 Human Health and Diseases at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology – Human Health & Disease

Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

More food production is required as the world’s population grows ever-increasingly. Animal husbandry and plant breeding strategies play an important role in our efforts to increase food production. This chapter covers a variety of subtopics, including animal husbandry, plant breeding, single-cell proteins, and tissue culture.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
• Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes play vital roles in human welfare, including food fermentation, bioremediation, and producing medicines like antibiotics. They contribute to ecological balance and industrial processes.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 – Microbes in Human Welfare
• Microbes in Human Welfare

Chapter 11: Biotechnology Principles and Processes

Biotechnology involves using biological systems for technological applications. Genetic engineering, gene cloning, and DNA manipulation are key processes. They have applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 – Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
• CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology – Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Chapter 12: Biotechnology: and its Application

Biotechnology’s applications include producing transgenic organisms, recombinant proteins, and genetically modified crops. It revolutionizes medicine, agriculture, and environmental protection.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 12 Biotechnology and Its Application at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 – Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations

Organisms and populations explore interactions within and among species. It studies population dynamics, ecological niches, and community structures, contributing to conservation efforts.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 – Organisms and Populations
• CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology – Organisms and Populations
• Organisms And Populations Questions for CBSE Class 12th

Chapter 14: Ecosystem

Ecosystems comprise living organisms and their physical environment. They include producers, consumers, and decomposers, with energy flowing through trophic levels. Ecosystems provide essential services and maintain ecological balance.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 14 Ecosystem at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 – Ecosystem
• Ecosystem – Types, Structure, Components and Functions
• Ecosystem
• CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology – Ecosystem

Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth. Conservation aims to protect and sustain these forms for future generations. It involves preserving habitats, preventing species extinction, and promoting sustainable practices.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and Conservation
• Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Biology Conservation of Biodiversity
• Biodiversity and Conservation Concept Map
• Biodiversity And Conservation Questions for CBSE Class 12th

Chapter 16: Environmental Issues

Environmental issues address challenges such as pollution, deforestation, climate change, and resource depletion. Sustainable practices, policy changes, and global cooperation are crucial for a healthy planet.

Also, access the following resources for Class 12 Chapter 16 Environmental Issues at Infinity Learn

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 16 – Environmental Issues
• CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology – Environmental Issues
• Essay on Environmental Issues

CBSE Marking Scheme 2023-24

Students encounter board exams twice during their academic journey: in Class 10 and Class 12. Class 10 results shed light on individual subject strengths, while Class 12 marks aid in shaping future endeavors. Recognizing this, the CBSE board has thoughtfully partitioned the syllabus, facilitating comprehensive learning. By reviewing the CBSE’s updated course structure, students can identify high-weightage chapters, enabling targeted and effective preparation strategies.