NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science - Updated 2025-26 Free PDF Download

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are designed to help students understand and master the concepts of Science in a simple and systematic manner. The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science cover all chapters and topics from the NCERT Science textbook, ensuring that students have a clear understanding of each concept. These solutions provide step-by-step explanations for all the exercises in the book, making it easier for students to solve problems and improve their problem-solving skills.

Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions are essential for preparing for board exams, as they cover important topics such as Chemical Reactions and Equations, Life Processes, Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Electric Current, and more. These solutions not only help students to solve textbook problems but also enhance their conceptual clarity, helping them perform better in exams.

The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are designed to make learning easier and more effective. They provide detailed explanations in simple language, making it easier for students to grasp complex concepts. The solutions are structured to help students build a strong foundation in Science, ensuring they are well-prepared for their exams. Additionally, students can use these solutions for quick revision, as they provide answers to all the important questions, formulas, and definitions.

Whether you're struggling with a particular topic or aiming to score high marks in your exams, the Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions will guide you in the right direction. By referring to these solutions regularly, students can gain confidence and achieve excellent results in their Class 10 Science exams.

Do Check: NCERT Solutions for Class 10

Why Choose NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science?

Before diving into the details, let’s first understand why NCERT Solutions are so important.

• Comprehensive Coverage: The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science cover all the chapters in the prescribed curriculum. Each solution is aligned with the syllabus and provides answers in simple and understandable language. This ensures that you don’t miss out on any concept, no matter how complex it may seem.
• Systematic Approach: The solutions are structured in a way that helps students understand the step-by-step process of solving a problem. Whether it’s a theory-based question or a numerical problem, these solutions offer a systematic approach to solving them. This makes the learning process easier and more effective.
• Important Topics: NCERT Solutions are designed to emphasize the most important and frequently asked questions in exams. By practicing these solutions, you can focus on the areas that are likely to be tested, giving you an edge during your exams.
• Enhance Problem-Solving Skills: The solutions are not only for understanding theoretical concepts but also for enhancing your problem-solving skills, especially in subjects like Physics and Chemistry. Through regular practice, you can develop a deeper understanding and improve your analytical thinking.
• Exam-Ready Solutions: NCERT Solutions are designed to make you exam-ready by providing concise and accurate answers to all the textbook questions. This helps in revising key concepts quickly and effectively before exams.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science All Chapters PDF Download

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Equations and Chemical Reactions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salt
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Non-Metals and Metals
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Periodic Classification Of Elements
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colorful World
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Sources of Energy
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter Wise Detailed Explanation

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations

The chapter on Chemical Reactions and Equations introduces the concept of chemical changes and the language used to describe them. It explains how atoms and molecules rearrange to form new substances with different properties. A key concept introduced is the chemical equation, a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. It shows the reactants (substances that undergo change) and products (new substances formed), maintaining a balance in both mass and atoms.

The chapter covers several types of chemical reactions:

• Combination reactions: where two or more elements combine to form a compound.
• Decomposition reactions: where a compound breaks down into simpler substances.
• Displacement reactions: where an atom or ion in a compound is replaced by another.
• Redox reactions: involving the transfer of electrons, with oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons) processes occurring together.

Students also learn how to balance chemical equations, ensuring that the number of atoms is the same on both sides, which helps conserve mass.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2: Acids, Bases, and Salts

This chapter explains the basic properties and uses of acids, bases, and salts.

• Acids have a sour taste and turn blue litmus paper red. They release hydrogen ions (H+) in water. Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach and citric acid in citrus fruits.
• Bases are bitter and turn red litmus paper blue. They release hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. Examples are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3).

The chapter also introduces the pH scale, which measures how acidic or basic a solution is. The scale ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral (e.g., pure water). Indicators like litmus paper, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange change color to show whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.

Salts are produced when an acid reacts with a base in a process called neutralization. For example, the reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produces sodium chloride (NaCl), which is common table salt.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals

This chapter explores the properties, uses, and differences between metals and non-metals.

• Metals are shiny, conductive, malleable, and ductile. They are used in construction, electronics, and transportation. Examples include iron, copper, and aluminum.
• Non-metals do not have the metallic luster and generally do not conduct electricity. Examples include oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Non-metals are important in the environment and industry, such as oxygen for respiration and sulfur in making sulfuric acid.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds

The chapter on Carbon and Its Compounds explains carbon’s importance in organic chemistry. Carbon is a versatile element that forms many compounds due to its ability to bond with itself and other elements.

It covers the different allotropes of carbon, including diamond, graphite, and fullerene, which have different properties due to their varying atomic arrangements. The chapter also explains the formation of organic compounds through covalent bonding between carbon and other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5: Periodic Classification of Elements

This chapter discusses the periodic table, which organizes elements based on their atomic number and properties. It traces the historical development of the periodic table and the contributions of scientists like Mendeleev.

The periodic law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. This law explains the trends in properties like atomic size, valency, and metallic/non-metallic characteristics across different periods and groups in the table.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6: Life Processes

This chapter covers essential life processes that support the survival and functioning of organisms.

• Nutrition: The process by which organisms obtain and use food. Plants perform photosynthesis (autotrophic nutrition), while animals rely on organic substances (heterotrophic nutrition).
• Respiration: Organisms break down food to release energy, primarily through cellular respiration.
• Transportation: In plants and animals, water, nutrients, and waste are transported through systems like the circulatory system.
• Excretion: The elimination of waste products to maintain internal balance.
• Control and Coordination: The nervous and hormonal systems help maintain homeostasis in organisms.
• Reproduction: This chapter explains the mechanisms of reproduction, both sexual and asexual, which ensure the continuation of species.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7: Control and Coordination

This chapter explains how living organisms manage and coordinate their activities to maintain homeostasis and respond effectively to external stimuli. The control and coordination of life processes involve two primary systems: the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Nervous System

The nervous system is responsible for quick, short-term control and coordination. It involves the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurons, the functional units of the nervous system, transmit electrical impulses that control and regulate body activities. The chapter explains how stimuli from the environment are detected by receptors in the sense organs, which send signals to the central nervous system (CNS) for processing. The CNS then sends out signals to effectors (muscles or glands) to bring about an appropriate response.

The human nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all other nerves. Reflex actions, like the knee-jerk response, are quick and involuntary reactions that occur without conscious brain involvement.

Endocrine System

The endocrine system, on the other hand, provides slower, long-term control through the release of hormones. These chemical messengers are secreted by glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas. The hormones travel through the bloodstream to regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. For instance, insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels, and thyroxine regulates metabolic rate.

In summary, the chapter emphasizes the integrated function of the nervous and endocrine systems, ensuring the smooth operation of the body's functions in response to internal and external changes.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8: How do Organisms Reproduce?

Reproduction is a biological process through which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the survival of their species. This chapter explains the two main types of reproduction: asexual and sexual reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction involves a single organism producing offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. This method is more common in single-celled organisms but also occurs in multicellular organisms like plants. Various forms of asexual reproduction include:

• Binary fission (in bacteria),
• Budding (in hydra),
• Spore formation (in fungi), and
• Vegetative propagation (in plants, e.g., through runners or tubers).

Asexual reproduction enables organisms to reproduce rapidly under favorable conditions, as there is no need for a mate.

Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote. This results in offspring that have genetic variations, which is crucial for the survival and adaptability of the species. The chapter also covers the sexual reproduction systems of plants and animals, highlighting the formation of gametes, fertilization, and the development of the embryo.

The chapter explains the advantages of sexual reproduction, including genetic diversity, which allows species to adapt to changing environments and survive over time.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9: Heredity and Evolution

This chapter delves into the principles of genetics and evolution, exploring how traits are inherited and how species evolve over time.

Heredity

Heredity refers to the transmission of traits from parents to offspring. The chapter explains Mendel's laws of inheritance, which form the foundation of modern genetics. Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants led to the discovery of dominant and recessive traits. These laws explain how traits like flower color, seed shape, and height are passed on through genes located on chromosomes.

Variation and Natural Selection

Variation is the presence of differences in characteristics among individuals of a species, which can be inherited. Variation plays a vital role in natural selection, a process proposed by Charles Darwin. Natural selection states that organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on these traits to the next generation. Over time, this leads to the adaptation of species to their environment, promoting evolutionary change.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10: Light - Reflection and Refraction

This chapter focuses on the behavior of light, particularly how it interacts with surfaces and different media through reflection and refraction.

Reflection of Light

Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface. The laws of reflection state that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and both rays lie in the same plane. The chapter explains how mirrors, both plane and curved, form virtual and real images. Concave mirrors form real or virtual images, depending on the object's position, while convex mirrors always form virtual images that are smaller and upright.

Refraction of Light

Refraction occurs when light passes from one medium to another and changes direction due to a change in speed. The chapter explains Snell’s law, which quantifies how much light bends when it travels between media with different refractive indices. Lenses, including concave and convex lenses, are also discussed, explaining how they focus light to form images.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11: The Human Eye and the Colorful World

This chapter explains how the human eye works to perceive the world around us, and how we interpret different colors.

Structure of the Eye

The human eye is a complex organ that allows us to see by focusing light onto the retina. Light enters through the cornea and pupil, gets focused by the lens, and forms an image on the retina. The optic nerve transmits this image to the brain, where it is processed.

Eye Defects and Correction

The chapter explains common eye defects like myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness). Myopia occurs when the eye is too long, causing distant objects to appear blurry. Hyperopia occurs when the eye is too short, causing nearby objects to appear blurry. Both conditions can be corrected using lenses.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12: Electricity

This chapter explores the basic concepts of electricity, including electric current, resistance, and how circuits work.

Electric Current and Circuit Components

Electric current is the flow of electric charge. The chapter explains how conductors (materials that allow current to flow, like metals) and insulators (materials that do not allow current to flow, like rubber) work. Components like resistors, switches, and fuses are introduced, explaining how they regulate the flow of electricity.

Ohm's Law

The chapter covers Ohm's law, which states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. The formula V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance) is explained, helping students understand the relationship between these quantities.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

This chapter explains the fascinating relationship between electricity and magnetism, particularly how an electric current can produce a magnetic field and how a magnetic field can generate an electric current.

Electromagnetic Induction

The chapter introduces electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current. This principle is the foundation of devices like generators and transformers. The chapter also explains the working of an electromagnet, created by passing electric current through a coil of wire.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14: Sources of Energy

This chapter discusses various sources of energy, categorizing them as conventional and non-conventional.

Conventional Sources

Conventional sources like fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) have been traditionally used for energy production. However, they contribute to environmental pollution and depletion of resources.

Non-Conventional Sources

Non-conventional sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, are renewable and environmentally friendly. The chapter discusses the advantages of using these sources, which help conserve natural resources and reduce pollution.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15: Our Environment

This chapter explains the interconnectedness of living organisms and their environment, emphasizing the importance of ecological balance.

Ecosystems

An ecosystem consists of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact with each other. The chapter explores food chains, energy flow, and the importance of maintaining ecological balance.

Biodiversity

The chapter highlights the significance of biodiversity and how the loss of species can disrupt ecosystems, affecting their stability.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16: Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

This chapter discusses how to manage Earth's natural resources sustainably to ensure their availability for future generations.

Resource Conservation

Topics like water conservation, afforestation, and wildlife management are covered, emphasizing the need to balance human needs with environmental conservation. Techniques like rainwater harvesting and reforestation are discussed to maintain ecological balance and prevent depletion of natural resources.

How to Use NCERT Solutions Effectively?

To make the most out of NCERT solutions, here are some tips:

1. Start Early: Begin solving the questions as soon as you finish reading a chapter. This will help reinforce the concepts in your mind.
2. Solve Step by Step: For numerical problems, solve them step by step. Avoid skipping steps to ensure you understand the logic behind each calculation.
3. Refer to NCERT Solutions: After attempting the questions, refer to the solutions to check your answers. If there are any discrepancies, understand where you went wrong and try to learn from your mistakes.
4. Practice Regularly: Consistency is key. Practice solving NCERT solutions regularly to improve your accuracy and speed.
5. Use Solutions for Revision: Before exams, use the NCERT solutions as a revision tool. Go through the important questions and concepts to refresh your memory.
6. Clear Doubts: If you have any doubts, seek help from teachers or peers. Understanding each concept is essential for doing well in the exams.

Conclusion

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are an essential resource for students who want to excel in their exams. They offer detailed, step-by-step answers that can help students understand complex scientific concepts with ease. By practicing these solutions, students can boost their problem-solving skills and gain confidence in the subject.

Whether you're looking to understand the basics or tackle more challenging problems, NCERT solutions provide a systematic approach to learning. So, make sure to incorporate these solutions into your study routine to perform your best in the upcoming exams!