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By Ankit Gupta
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Updated on 29 May 2026, 11:58 IST
Cell Structure and Function is an important chapter for students preparing for Re NEET 2026. This chapter helps students understand the basic unit of life, the cell, and how different cell parts work together to perform important functions. It includes key topics like prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell organelles, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, nucleus, chromosomes, biomolecules, enzymes, and cell division.
Practicing Cell Structure and Function important questions for Re NEET 2026 can help students revise the chapter in a focused way. Many questions from this unit are directly based on NCERT lines, diagrams, definitions, and examples. Topics like ribosomes, nucleolus, endomembrane system, plasma membrane, mesosomes, mitochondria, plastids, cell cycle, mitosis, enzymes, and protein structure are commonly asked in NEET.
These important questions are useful for quick revision, concept clarity, and exam practice. By solving MCQs from Cell Structure and Function, students can improve their accuracy and understand which topics need more attention. Regular practice also helps students remember important facts and avoid confusion during the exam. This makes the chapter easier to revise and score well in Biology.
Ques 1. Which one of the following is the site of active ribosomal RNA synthesis?
(1) Centrosome
(2) Nucleolus
(3) Chromatin
(4) Kinetochore
Answer: (2) Nucleolus
Ques 2. Non-membrane bound organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are:
(1) Lysosomes
(2) Mitochondria
(3) Ribosomes
(4) Golgi bodies
Answer: (3) Ribosomes
Ques 3. The eukaryotic ribosome is:
JEE
NEET
Foundation JEE
Foundation NEET
CBSE
(1) 70S
(2) 60S
(3) 80S
(4) 50S
Answer: (3) 80S
Ques 4. The subunits of 70S ribosome are:
(1) 60S and 40S
(2) 50S and 30S
(3) 40S and 30S
(4) 60S and 30S
Answer: (2) 50S and 30S
Ques 5. The primary function of Golgi apparatus is:
(1) Protein synthesis
(2) Packaging and modification of materials
(3) AT P synthesis
(4) Lipid digestion
Answer: (2) Packaging and modification of materials
Ques 6. Vesicles from endoplasmic reticulum fuse with which face of Golgi apparatus?
(1) Trans face
(2) Cis face
(3) Inner face
(4) Outer face
Answer: (2) Cis face
Ques 7. Materials are released from Golgi apparatus through:
(1) Cis face
(2) Trans face
(3) Nuclear membrane
(4) Plasma membrane only
Answer: (2) Trans face
Ques 8. Which of the following is not a part of the endomembrane system?
(1) Endoplasmic reticulum
(2) Golgi apparatus
(3) Lysosome
(4) Mitochondria
Answer: (4) Mitochondria
Ques 9. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is mainly associated with:
(1) Lipid synthesis
(2) Protein synthesis
(3) ATP formation
(4) Chromosome movement
Answer: (2) Protein synthesis
Ques 10. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum mainly helps in:
(1) Lipid synthesis
(2) DNA replication
(3) Formation of ribosomes
(4) Formation of spindle fibres
Answer: (1) Lipid synthesis
Ques 11. Mitochondria and plastids are called semi-autonomous organelles because they have:
(1) Cell wall
(2) Linear DNA only
(3) Circular DNA and ribosomes
(4) Single membrane
Answer: (3) Circular DNA and ribosomes
Ques 12. Cristae are found in:
(1) Chloroplast
(2) Mitochondria
(3) Nucleus
(4) Golgi apparatus
Answer: (2) Mitochondria
Ques 13. The inner membrane of mitochondria forms:
(1) Cisternae
(2) Thylakoids
(3) Cristae
(4) Grana
Answer: (3) Cristae
Ques 14. The fluid-filled space inside chloroplast is called:
(1) Matrix
(2) Stroma
(3) Cytosol
(4) Cristae
Answer: (2) Stroma
Ques 15. Grana in chloroplast are formed by stacks of:
(1) Cristae
(2) Thylakoids
(3) Cisternae
(4) Ribosomes
Answer: (2) Thylakoids
Ques 16. Mesosomes in prokaryotic cells are formed by:
(1) Infoldings of plasma membrane
(2) Infoldings of nuclear membrane
(3) Folding of mitochondria
(4) Folding of endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: (1) Infoldings of plasma membrane
Ques 17. Mesosomes help in:
(1) Photosynthesis only
(2) Cell wall formation, DNA replication and respiration
(3) Protein digestion
(4) Formation of cilia
Answer: (2) Cell wall formation, DNA replication and respiration
Ques 18. The basic structure of plasma membrane is:
(1) Cellulose layer
(2) Phospholipid bilayer
(3) Chitin layer
(4) Peptidoglycan layer only
Answer: (2) Phospholipid bilayer
Ques 19. In the plasma membrane, hydrophobic tails of phospholipids are directed:
(1) Towards the outer aqueous medium
(2) Towards the inner part of the bilayer
(3) Towards only the nucleus
(4) Towards the cell wall
Answer: (2) Towards the inner part of the bilayer
Ques 20. The main function of spindle fibres during mitosis is to:
(1) Repair damaged DNA
(2) Separate chromosomes
(3) Synthesize proteins
(4) Form cell wall
Answer: (2) Separate chromosomes
Question 1: Which one of the following is the site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis?
(1) Nucleolus
(2) Chromatin
(3) Centrosome
(4) Kinetochore
Answer: Nucleolus
Question 2: Match List I with List II.
List I — Phase of cell cycle
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
List II — Activity
I. Actual cell division occurs
II. Cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA
III. Synthesis of DNA occurs and the amount of DNA per cell doubles
IV. Proteins are synthesized while cell growth continues
Answer: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
Question 3: Alpha-helix is found in which level of protein structure?
(1) Quaternary structure
(2) Tertiary structure
(3) Primary structure
(4) Secondary structure
Answer: Secondary structure
Question 4: Which of the following statements are correct regarding amino acids?
A. They are substituted methanes.
B. Serine is an aromatic amino acid.
C. Valine is a neutral amino acid.
D. Lysine is an acidic amino acid.
Answer: A and C only
Question 5: Non-membrane bound cell organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are:
(1) Centrosomes
(2) Ribosomes
(3) Lysosomes
(4) Mitochondria
Answer: Ribosomes
Question 6: Choose the correct statements regarding cell organelles and their inclusions.
A. The endomembrane system includes Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum bears ribosomes on its surface.
C. Both mitochondria and plastids have circular DNA.
D. A network of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments present in the cytoplasm is called cytoskeleton.
E. Mitochondria is a single membrane-bound structure.
Answer: B, C and D only
Question 7: Select the correct statements regarding cell membrane in eukaryotic cell.
A. Membrane of human RBCs has approximately 52% protein.
B. Major phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer.
C. Extensions of the plasma membrane into the cell form mesosomes.
D. Tails towards the inner part of lipids are hydrophobic and thus protected from aqueous medium.
E. Glycocalyx is present on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
Answer: A, B and D only
Question 1: The protein portion of an enzyme is called:
(1) Apoenzyme
(2) Prosthetic group
(3) Cofactor
(4) Coenzyme
Answer: Apoenzyme
Question 2: What is the main function of the spindle fibers during mitosis?
(1) To repair damaged DNA
(2) To regulate cell growth
(3) To separate the chromosomes
(4) To synthesize new DNA
Answer: To separate the chromosomes
Question 3: Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to package the materials made by the endoplasmic reticulum and deliver it to intracellular targets and outside the cell.
Reason (R): Vesicles containing materials made by the endoplasmic reticulum fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, and they are modified and released from the trans face of the Golgi apparatus.
Answer: Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
Question 4: From the statements given below choose the correct option:
A. The eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.
B. Each ribosome has two sub-units.
C. The two sub-units of 80S ribosome are 60S and 40S while that of 70S are 50S and 30S.
D. The two sub-units of 80S ribosome are 60S and 20S and that of 70S are 50S and 20S.
E. The two sub-units of 80S are 60S and 30S and that of 70S are 50S and 30S.
Answer: A, B, C are true.
Question 5: Which one of the following enzymes contains ‘Haem’ as the prosthetic group?
(1) Succinate dehydrogenase
(2) Catalase
(3) RuBisCo
(4) Carbonic anhydrase
Answer: Catalase
Question 6: A specialised membranous structure in a prokaryotic cell which helps in cell wall formation, DNA replication and respiration is:
(1) Cristae
(2) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(3) Mesosome
(4) Chromatophores
Answer: Mesosome
Question 7: Match List I with List II.
List I
A. Centromere
B. Cilium
C. Cristae
D. Cell membrane
List II
I. Mitochondrion
II. Cell division
III. Cell movement
IV. Phospholipid Bilayer
Answer: A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
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Cell Structure and Function important questions are useful for Re NEET 2026 because they help students revise the most expected topics from this unit. These questions cover cell organelles, plasma membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, plastids, nucleus, biomolecules, enzymes, and cell division. Practicing them improves concept clarity and helps students answer NCERT-based Biology questions with better accuracy.
Important topics include prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, ribosomes, nucleolus, endomembrane system, mitochondria, plastids, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, plasma membrane, mesosomes, enzymes, protein structure, cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Students should also revise NCERT diagrams and tables carefully.
Yes, most Cell Structure and Function questions in NEET are directly based on NCERT concepts, definitions, examples, and diagrams. Students should read the NCERT chapter line by line and focus on key terms like ribosomes, nucleolus, mesosomes, cristae, thylakoids, and spindle fibres.
Students should first complete NCERT reading, then revise important diagrams, organelle functions, cell cycle phases, and biomolecule concepts. After that, they should solve previous year questions, important MCQs, and mock test questions. Regular revision and practice can help students score better in Biology.