Genetics And Evolution Important Questions for Re NEET 2026

Genetics and Evolution is one of the most important units in the NEET Biology syllabus. Every year, several questions are asked from topics such as Mendelian genetics, molecular basis of inheritance, genetic disorders, DNA fingerprinting, biotechnology, human evolution, and natural selection. A strong understanding of these concepts can help students score valuable marks in the exam.

To help you prepare effectively, we have compiled a set of important Genetics and Evolution questions for Re-NEET 2026. These questions are designed based on the latest NCERT syllabus, previous years’ NEET trends, and frequently asked concepts. Practicing these questions will improve your understanding of inheritance patterns, gene expression, DNA structure, genetic engineering, and evolutionary processes.

Students should focus on understanding the concepts rather than memorizing answers. Many NEET questions are application-based and require a clear understanding of fundamental principles. Regular practice of MCQs will also help improve speed, accuracy, and confidence during the examination.

Genetics & Evolution Important MCQs for Re-NEET 2026

Ques 1. Which scientist proposed the "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis?

1. Watson and Crick
2. Beadle and Tatum
3. Jacob and Monod
4. Hershey and Chase

Answer: (2) Beadle and Tatum

Ques 2. In a DNA molecule, Adenine constitutes 30% of the nitrogen bases. What percentage of Cytosine is present?

1. 20%
2. 30%
3. 40%
4. 60%

Answer: (1) 20%

Ques 3. Histone proteins are rich in:

1. Glycine and Alanine
2. Lysine and Arginine
3. Valine and Leucine
4. Serine and Tyrosine

Answer: (2) Lysine and Arginine

Ques 4. The correct sequence in DNA fingerprinting is:

1. Electrophoresis → Digestion → Hybridization → Autoradiography
2. Digestion → Electrophoresis → Southern blotting → Hybridization → Autoradiography
3. Hybridization → Digestion → Electrophoresis
4. Digestion → Hybridization → Electrophoresis

Answer: (2)

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Ques 5. Which of the following represents co-dominance?

1. Flower colour in Snapdragon
2. Human skin colour
3. ABO blood group
4. Height in humans

Answer: (3) ABO blood group

Ques 6. Sickle cell anaemia results due to substitution of:

1. Valine by Glutamic acid
2. Glutamic acid by Valine
3. Lysine by Arginine
4. Glycine by Alanine

Answer: (2) Glutamic acid by Valine

Ques 7. The enzyme responsible for joining DNA fragments is:

1. DNA polymerase
2. Restriction endonuclease
3. DNA ligase
4. Primase

Answer: (3) DNA ligase

Ques 8. Which one is a stop codon?

1. AUG
2. UGG
3. UGA
4. GGG

Answer: (3) UGA

Ques 9. The first genetically engineered human insulin was produced using:

1. Bacillus subtilis
2. Escherichia coli
3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
4. Rhizobium

Answer: (2) Escherichia coli

Ques 10. Who proposed the concept of adaptive radiation?

1. Darwin
2. Lamarck
3. Hugo de Vries
4. Mendel

Answer: (1) Darwin

Ques 11. Analogous organs are evidence for:

1. Divergent evolution
2. Convergent evolution
3. Mutation
4. Genetic drift

Answer: (2) Convergent evolution

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Ques 12. Industrial melanism is best explained by:

1. Genetic drift
2. Mutation
3. Natural selection
4. Gene flow

Answer: (3) Natural selection

Ques 13. Which of the following is NOT a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium factor?

1. Random mating
2. No mutation
3. Natural selection
4. Large population size

Answer: (3) Natural selection

Ques 14. The "RNA World" hypothesis suggests that:

1. DNA evolved before RNA
2. Proteins evolved before RNA
3. RNA acted as genetic material and catalyst
4. DNA and proteins evolved simultaneously

Answer: (3)

Ques 15. Homo habilis is commonly known as:

1. Upright man
2. Tool maker
3. Cro-Magnon man
4. Java man

Answer: (2) Tool maker

Ques 16. Which human ancestor first used fire?

1. Homo habilis
2. Australopithecus
3. Homo erectus
4. Ramapithecus

Answer: (3) Homo erectus

Ques 17. In honey bees, males are:

1. Diploid
2. Haploid
3. Triploid
4. Tetraploid

Answer: (2) Haploid

Ques 18. Which enzyme synthesizes RNA using DNA as a template?

1. DNA polymerase
2. RNA polymerase
3. Ligase
4. Helicase

Answer: (2) RNA polymerase

Ques 19. The F₂ phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross is:

1. 3 : 1
2. 1 : 2 : 1
3. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
4. 15 : 1

Answer: (3) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

Ques 20. The strongest evidence that DNA is the genetic material was provided by:

1. Griffith
2. Avery, MacLeod and McCarty
3. Hershey and Chase
4. Mendel

Answer: (3) Hershey and Chase

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Genetics and Evolution Questions from NEET 2026 Question Paper

Q113. Which of the following disorders is caused by the substitution of Glutamic acid (Glu) by Valine (Val) at the sixth position of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule?

1. Haemophilia
2. Thalassemia
3. Sickle-cell anaemia
4. Phenylketonuria

Answer: (3) Sickle-cell anaemia

Explanation: Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by substitution of glutamic acid by valine at the 6th position of the β-globin chain.

Q114. Match List I with List II

Options:

1. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
2. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
3. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
4. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II

Answer: (1) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

Explanation:

• Incomplete dominance → Antirrhinum flower colour
• Co-dominance → ABO blood group
• Pleiotropy → Phenylketonuria
• Polygenic inheritance → Human skin colour

Q116. Arrange the following steps of DNA fingerprinting in the correct sequence.

A. Isolation of DNA and digestion by restriction endonucleases
B. Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe
C. Transfer of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membrane
D. Detection by autoradiography
E. Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis

Options:

1. A, E, C, B, D
2. A, E, B, C, D
3. A, B, D, C, E
4. A, D, B, E, C

Answer: (1) A, E, C, B, D

Explanation:

DNA Isolation → Restriction Digestion → Electrophoresis → Southern Blot Transfer → Hybridisation with VNTR Probe → Autoradiography.

Q118. Which of the following statements are true with reference to sex determination in honeybees?

A. Fertilised egg develops into female (queen/worker)
B. Unfertilised egg develops into male by parthenogenesis
C. Male has half the chromosome number of female
D. Males produce sperms by meiosis
E. Honeybees exhibit haplodiploid sex determination

Options:

1. B, C, D and E only
2. A, B, C and D only
3. A, B, D and E only
4. A, B, C and E only

Answer: (4) A, B, C and E only

Explanation:

• Honeybees follow haplodiploidy.
• Females are diploid.
• Males are haploid and arise through parthenogenesis.
• Haploid males produce sperms by mitosis, not meiosis.

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Genetics and Evolution Questions from NEET 2025 Question Paper

Ques. Who proposed that the genetic code for amino acids should be made up of three nucleotides?

1. Jacque Monod
2. Franklin Stahl
3. George Gamow
4. Francis Crick

Answer: (3) George Gamow

Ques. Histones are enriched with –

1. Phenylalanine & Leucine
2. Phenylalanine & Arginine
3. Lysine & Arginine
4. Leucine & Lysine

Answer: (3) Lysine & Arginine

Ques. Which of the following enzyme(s) are NOT essential for gene cloning?

A. Restriction enzymes
B. DNA ligase
C. DNA mutase
D. DNA recombinase
E. DNA polymerase

Options:

1. D and E only
2. B and C only
3. C and D only
4. A and B only

Answer: (3) C and D only

Ques162. Which factor is important for termination of transcription?

1. ρ (rho)
2. γ (gamma)
3. α (alpha)
4. σ (sigma)

Answer: (1) ρ (rho)

Ques. Twins are born to a family that lives next door to you. The twins are a boy and girl. Which of the following must be true?

1. They were conceived through in vitro fertilization.
2. They have 75% identical genetic content.
3. They are monozygotic twins.
4. They are fraternal twins.

Answer: (4) They are fraternal twins.

Ques. Sweet potato and potato represent a certain type of evolution. Select the correct combination of terms to explain the evolution.

1. Homology, Convergent
2. Analogy, Divergent
3. Analogy, Convergent
4. Homology, Divergent

Answer: (3) Analogy, Convergent

Ques. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: The DNA fragments extracted from gel electrophoresis can be used in construction of recombinant DNA.

Statement II: Smaller size DNA fragments are observed near the anode while larger fragments are found near the wells in an agarose gel.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
2. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

Answer: (3) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

Ques. Genes R and Y follow independent assortment. If RRYY produce round yellow seeds and rryy produce wrinkled green seeds, what will be the phenotypic ratio of the F₂ generation?

1. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
2. 9 : 7
3. 1 : 2 : 1
4. 3 : 1

Answer: (1) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1