Biotechnology and its Applications Important Questions for Re NEET 2026

Biotechnology and Its Applications is one of the most important chapters in the NEET Biology syllabus. This chapter explains how living organisms, cells, and biological processes are used to develop useful products and technologies that benefit human life. It combines biology with modern technology and has many practical applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.

In this chapter, students learn about genetically modified organisms (GMOs), recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy, transgenic animals, molecular diagnosis, and the production of important medicines such as insulin. It also covers topics like biotechnology in agriculture, pest-resistant crops, and the ethical issues related to the use of biotechnology.

Questions from this chapter are regularly asked in NEET because it focuses on important scientific advancements and their real-world applications. A strong understanding of the concepts can help students score valuable marks in the examination.

To support your NEET 2026 preparation, we have compiled a set of important questions based on previous year trends and the latest syllabus. These questions will help you revise key concepts, improve your understanding of biotechnology, and strengthen your problem-solving skills. Regular practice will boost your confidence and help you perform better in the NEET Biology section.

Biotechnology and its Applications Important Questions for Re NEET 2026

Ques 1. Human insulin produced through genetic engineering is known as:

1. Humulin
2. Interferon
3. Somatotropin
4. Streptokinase

Answer: (1) Humulin

Ques 2. The first genetically engineered insulin was produced by:

1. Eli Lilly
2. Pfizer
3. Novartis
4. Cipla

Answer: (1) Eli Lilly

Ques 3. Which bacterium is commonly used for the production of recombinant insulin?

1. Rhizobium
2. Bacillus subtilis
3. Escherichia coli
4. Lactobacillus

Answer: (3) Escherichia coli

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Ques 4. Gene therapy was first successfully used to treat:

1. Hemophilia
2. Diabetes
3. ADA deficiency
4. Thalassemia

Answer: (3) ADA deficiency

Ques 5. ADA stands for:

1. Adenosine Deaminase
2. Adenine Deaminase
3. Adenosine Diphosphate Activator
4. Adenylate Deaminase

Answer: (1) Adenosine Deaminase

Ques 6. The genetically modified crop Bt cotton is resistant to:

1. Fungal infection
2. Bollworms
3. Viruses
4. Nematodes

Answer: (2) Bollworms

Ques 7. Bt toxin is obtained from:

1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
2. Bacillus thuringiensis
3. Escherichia coli
4. Rhizobium

Answer: (2) Bacillus thuringiensis

Ques 8. Cry proteins are encoded by:

1. nif genes
2. Bt genes
3. lac genes
4. rec genes

Answer: (2) Bt genes

Ques 9. RNA interference (RNAi) is used to:

1. Increase protein synthesis
2. Silence specific genes
3. Replicate DNA
4. Increase transcription

Answer: (2) Silence specific genes

Ques 10. RNAi technology was used to protect tobacco plants from:

1. Fungi
2. Bacteria
3. Nematodes
4. Viruses

Answer: (3) Nematodes

Ques 11. Which transgenic animal was developed to produce human proteins in milk?

1. Dolly
2. Rosie
3. Polly
4. Tracy

Answer: (2) Rosie

Ques 12. Transgenic animals are commonly used for:

1. Vaccine safety testing
2. Studying gene regulation
3. Disease research
4. All of these

Answer: (4) All of these

Ques 13. PCR stands for:

1. Polymerase Chain Reaction
2. Protein Chain Replication
3. Polymerase Cell Reaction
4. Protein Cell Replication

Answer: (1) Polymerase Chain Reaction

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Ques 14. PCR is primarily used for:

1. Protein synthesis
2. DNA amplification
3. RNA translation
4. Cell division

Answer: (2) DNA amplification

Ques 15. Which technique helps in the early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and AIDS?

1. Hybridization
2. PCR
3. Fermentation
4. Mutation

Answer: (2) PCR

Ques 16. ELISA is commonly used for detecting:

1. Antigens or antibodies
2. DNA fragments
3. Proteins only
4. Lipids

Answer: (1) Antigens or antibodies

Ques 17. Golden Rice is rich in:

1. Vitamin C
2. Iron
3. β-carotene
4. Calcium

Answer: (3) β-carotene

Ques 18. Biopatents are granted for:

1. Biological inventions
2. Natural ecosystems
3. Forest resources
4. Wildlife species

Answer: (1) Biological inventions

Ques 19. The use of bioresources by multinational companies without authorization is called:

1. Biotechnology
2. Bioremediation
3. Biopiracy
4. Biofortification

Answer: (3) Biopiracy

Ques 20. Which of the following is an example of molecular diagnosis?

1. ELISA
2. PCR
3. Recombinant DNA technology
4. Both ELISA and PCR

Answer: (4) Both ELISA and PCR

Biotechnology and its Applications Questions from NEET 2026 Question Paper

Ques 1. Exploring molecular, genetic and species-level diversity for products of economic importance is called:

1. Biofortification
2. Bioremediation
3. Bioprospecting
4. Biomagnification

Answer: (3) Bioprospecting

Ques 2. Match List I with List II:

Choose the correct answer:

1. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
2. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
3. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
4. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

Answer: (1) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

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Ques 3. Identify the correct sequence of steps in each cycle of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):

1. Extension → Annealing → Denaturation
2. Annealing → Denaturation → Extension
3. Denaturation → Extension → Annealing
4. Denaturation → Annealing → Extension

Answer: (4) Denaturation → Annealing → Extension

Ques 4. Arrange the following steps of DNA fingerprinting in the correct sequence:

A. Isolation of DNA and digestion by restriction endonucleases

B. Hybridisation using a labelled VNTR probe

C. Transferring separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes

D. Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography

E. Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis

Options:

1. A, B, D, C, E
2. A, D, B, E, C
3. A, E, C, B, D
4. A, E, B, C, D

Answer: (3) A, E, C, B, D

Ques 5. The z gene of the lac operon codes for:

1. Permease
2. Transacetylase
3. β-galactosidase
4. Repressor protein

Answer: (3) β-galactosidase

Ques 6. Which of the following statements are correct with reference to a transcription unit?

A. A transcription unit is defined by promoter, structural gene and terminator.

B. Promoter is located towards the 5′ end of the structural gene.

C. Promoter provides the binding site for RNA polymerase.

D. Promoter defines coding and template strands.

E. Terminator marks the end of transcription.

Options:

1. A, B, C and D only
2. A, C, D and E only
3. B, C, D and E only
4. A, B, C, D and E

Answer: (4) A, B, C, D and E

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Biotechnology and its Applications Questions from NEET 2025 Question Paper

Ques 1. Why can't insulin be given orally to diabetic patients?

1. Because of structural variation
2. Its bioavailability will be increased
3. Human body will elicit strong immune response
4. It will be digested in the Gastro-Intestinal (GI) tract

Answer: (4) It will be digested in the Gastro-Intestinal (GI) tract.

Ques 2. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: The DNA fragments extracted from gel electrophoresis can be used in the construction of recombinant DNA.

Statement II: Smaller DNA fragments are observed near the anode, while larger fragments are found near the wells in an agarose gel.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

Answer: (3) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.