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By Ankit Gupta
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Updated on 8 Jun 2026, 14:38 IST
Plant Physiology is one of the most important and scoring units in NEET Biology, contributing several questions every year from topics such as Photosynthesis, Respiration in Plants, Transport in Plants, Mineral Nutrition, and Plant Growth and Development. A strong understanding of these concepts is essential not only for achieving a high score in Biology but also for building a solid foundation in plant sciences.
To help students prepare effectively for Re-NEET 2026, we have compiled a carefully selected set of important questions based on previous years’ NEET trends, NCERT concepts, and frequently tested topics. These questions cover both fundamental and application-based concepts, enabling students to strengthen their conceptual clarity and improve problem-solving skills.
Regular practice of these questions will help you identify important NCERT points, understand examiner patterns, and improve your accuracy and speed during the examination. Special emphasis has been given to high-weightage topics such as C₃ and C₄ pathways, photorespiration, transpiration, mineral deficiencies, plant hormones, and growth responses.
By solving these Plant Physiology Important Questions for Re-NEET 2026, students can revise the complete unit in a structured manner, boost their confidence, and enhance their chances of securing excellent marks in the Biology section of the examination.
Ques 1. Water moves from the soil into root hair cells primarily due to:
A) Diffusion
B) Active transport
C) Osmosis
D) Imbibition
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Answer: C) Osmosis
Ques 2. Which of the following is responsible for the opening and closing of stomata?
A) Companion cells
B) Guard cells
C) Sieve tubes
D) Xylem vessels
Answer: B) Guard cells
Ques 3. The ascent of sap in plants mainly occurs through:
A) Phloem
B) Cortex
C) Xylem
D) Epidermis
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Answer: C) Xylem
Ques 4. According to the cohesion-tension theory, water rises in plants due to:
A) Root pressure only
B) Transpiration pull
C) Diffusion pressure deficit
D) Active pumping by xylem cells
Answer: B) Transpiration pull
Ques 5. Which mineral is a constituent of chlorophyll?
A) Calcium
B) Magnesium
C) Potassium
D) Sulphur
Answer: B) Magnesium
Ques 6. The process of movement of organic food from leaves to storage organs is called:
A) Absorption
B) Translocation
C) Transpiration
D) Diffusion
Answer: B) Translocation
Ques 7. In C₄ plants, the primary CO₂ acceptor is:
A) RuBP
B) PEP
C) PGA
D) OAA
Answer: B) PEP
Ques 8. The first stable product of the Calvin cycle is:
A) OAA
B) RuBP
C) PGA
D) PEP
Answer: C) PGA
Ques 9. Photorespiration occurs because RuBisCO acts as:
A) Carboxylase only
B) Oxygenase only
C) Both carboxylase and oxygenase
D) Decarboxylase
Answer: C) Both carboxylase and oxygenase
Ques 10. The light reaction of photosynthesis takes place in:
A) Stroma
B) Cytoplasm
C) Thylakoid membrane
D) Nucleus
Answer: C) Thylakoid membrane
Ques 11. ATP synthesis during photosynthesis is called:
A) Oxidative phosphorylation
B) Substrate-level phosphorylation
C) Photophosphorylation
D) Chemiosmosis
Answer: C) Photophosphorylation
Ques 12. Which plant hormone is known as the stress hormone?
A) Auxin
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic Acid (ABA)
Answer: D) Abscisic Acid (ABA)
Ques 13. Which hormone promotes cell elongation in shoots?
A) Auxin
B) Ethylene
C) ABA
D) Cytokinin
Answer: A) Auxin
Ques 14. Gibberellins are known to:
A) Promote seed dormancy
B) Promote stem elongation
C) Close stomata
D) Inhibit germination
Answer: B) Promote stem elongation
Ques 15. During glycolysis, glucose is converted into:
A) Acetyl CoA
B) Citric acid
C) Pyruvic acid
D) Oxaloacetic acid
Answer: C) Pyruvic acid
Ques 16. The Krebs cycle occurs in the:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondrial matrix
D) Chloroplast
Answer: C) Mitochondrial matrix
Ques 17. The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is:
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Oxygen
C) Water
D) NADH
Answer: B) Oxygen
Ques 18. Which pathway operates in CAM plants?
A) Calvin cycle only
B) Hatch-Slack pathway during daytime
C) Night-time CO₂ fixation by PEP carboxylase
D) Photorespiration only
Answer: C) Night-time CO₂ fixation by PEP carboxylase
Ques 19. Which of the following is an essential micronutrient?
A) Nitrogen
B) Potassium
C) Iron
D) Phosphorus
Answer: C) Iron
Ques 20. The pressure-flow hypothesis explains:
A) Water absorption
B) Mineral uptake
C) Phloem translocation
D) Transpiration
Answer: C) Phloem translocation
Q1. The main function of bulliform cells in grasses is:
Answer: (3) To minimize water loss during water stress
Ques 2. Find the incorrect statement(s) about photosynthesis from the following:
A. The water-splitting complex is associated with PS I.
B. C₄ plants use the C₃ pathway of CO₂ fixation as the main biosynthetic pathway.
C. In C₄ plants, photorespiration does not occur.
D. C₃ plants exhibit Kranz anatomy.
E. ATP synthesis in chloroplast occurs through chemiosmosis.
Answer: (2) A and D only
Ques 3. Heterophyllous development in response to environment is an example of which of the following phenomena?
Answer: (4) Plasticity
Q1. Which of the following statements regarding rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is incorrect?
Answer: (3) RER appears smooth under the electron microscope due to the absence of ribosomes.
Q2. Which cell organelle is responsible for packaging materials to be delivered either intracellularly or extracellularly?
Answer: (2) Golgi apparatus
Q3. Match the following cell organelles with their primary functions:
| Organelle | Function |
| A. Mitochondria | I. Photosynthesis |
| B. Chloroplast | II. ATP synthesis |
| C. Lysosome | III. Intracellular digestion |
| D. Ribosome | IV. Protein synthesis |
Options:
Answer: (1) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
Q4. The fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane was proposed by:
Answer: (2) Singer and Nicolson
Ques 5. Which of the following structures is absent in prokaryotic cells?
Ribosomes
Answer: (4) Membrane-bound organelles
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Plant Physiology Important Questions help students revise high-weightage topics such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant growth, mineral nutrition, and transport in plants. Practicing these questions improves concept clarity, accuracy, and exam confidence.
Plant Physiology Important Questions usually cover Transport in Plants, Mineral Nutrition, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, Respiration in Plants, and Plant Growth and Development. These topics are frequently asked in NEET Biology.
Plant Physiology Important Questions are very helpful for revision, but students should also read NCERT thoroughly. NEET questions are mostly NCERT-based, so important questions should be practiced along with textbook reading.
Usually, Plant Physiology contributes around 6 to 8 questions in NEET Biology. The number may vary, but this unit remains one of the important scoring areas in Botany.
Students should first revise NCERT concepts, then solve MCQs chapter-wise, check answers carefully, and note down mistakes. Regular practice helps improve speed, accuracy, and retention for NEET.