BIOMOLECULES CLASSIFICATION

Biomolecules Classification and Characteristics

A living system grows, sustains, and reproduces itself. The most wonderful factor in a couple of living systems is that it is composed of non-living atoms and molecules. The pursuit of information of what goes on with chemicals among a living system falls within the domain of organic chemistry. Living systems square measure created from varied complicated biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, etc. Proteins and carbohydrates square measure essential constituents of our food. These biomolecules act with one another and represent the molecular logic of life processes. In addition, some straightforward molecules like vitamins and mineral salts additionally play a crucial role within the functions of organisms.

Biomolecules Classification Chart and Exaples

CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates are primarily made by plants and a kinda giant group of present organic compounds.

Some common examples of carbohydrates are cane sugar, glucose, starch, etc. Most of them have a general formula, Cx (H2O)y, and were thought of as hydrates of carbon from wherever the name supermolecule was derived. for instance, the chemical formula of aldohexose (C6H12O6) fits into this general formula, C6 (H2O)6. however, all the compounds that work into this formula might not be classified as carbohydrates.

MONOSECRIDES

Monosaccharides are classified on the premise of a variety of carbon atoms and therefore the practical cluster gift in them. If a sugar contains Associate in Nursing group, it’s referred to as Associate in Nursing monosaccharide and if it contains a keto cluster, it’s referred to as a monosaccharide. variety of carbon atoms constituting the sugar is additionally introduced within the name as is evident.

FRUCTOSE

Fructose is a very important hexose. it’s obtained in conjunction with aldohexose by the chemical reaction of oligosaccharide, sucrose. it’s a natural monosaccharide found in fruits, honey, and vegetables. In its pure form, it’s used as a sweetener. it’s additionally a very important hexose.

DIHYDRATES

Disaccharides on a chemical reaction with dilute acids or enzymes yield 2 molecules of either a similar or different monosaccharides. the 2 monosaccharides are joined along by associate oxide linkage shaped by the loss of a water molecule.

Such a linkage between 2 monosaccharose units through a chemical element atom is named glycosidic linkage. In disaccharides, if the reducing teams of monosaccharides i.e., aldehydic or ketonic teams are guaranteed, these are non-reducing sugars, e.g., sucrose. On the opposite hand, sugars within which these useful teams are free, are known as reducing sugars, for instance, disaccharide and disaccharide.

POLYSECRIDES

Polysaccharides contain an outsized variety of monosaccharose units joined together by glycosidic linkages. These are the foremost normally encountered carbohydrates in nature. They primarily act because of the food storage or structural materials.

VITAMINS

It has been ascertained that bound organic compounds are needed in small amounts in our diet however their deficiency causes specific diseases. These compounds are referred to as vitamins.

Most of the vitamins can’t be synthesized in our body however plants will synthesize most of them, so they are thought about as essential food factors. However, the microorganism of the gut will turn out a number of the vitamins needed by the United States.

All the vitamins are usually on the market in our diet. different vitamins belong to various chemical categories and it’s troublesome to outline them based on structure. they’re usually considered organic compounds required within the diet in little amounts to perform specific biological functions for traditional maintenance of optimum growth and health of the organism.

PROTEINS

Proteins are the foremost copious biomolecules of the living system. Chief sources of proteins are milk, cheese, pulses, peanuts, fish, meat, etc. They occur in each part of the body and type the basic basis of structure and functions of life. they’re additionally needed for the growth and maintenance of the body. The word supermolecule comes from the Greek word, “proteins” which suggests primary or prime importance. All proteins are polymers of α-amino acids.

AMINO ACIDS

Amino acids contain an amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) practical groups. relying upon the relative position of amino concerning the chemical group, the amino acids may be classified as α, β, γ, δ then on. solely acids are obtained on the chemical reaction of proteins. They may contain alternative practical teams additionally. All α-amino acids have trivial names, which usually mirror the property of that compound or its source. Glycine is therefore named since its sweet style (in Greek glycol means sweet) and the amino acid was initially obtained from cheese (in Greek, tyros means cheese.) Amino acids are typically portrayed by a 3 letter symbol, typically one letter image is additionally used.

ENZYMES

Life is feasible because of the coordination of assorted chemical reactions in living organisms. associate degree example is the digestion of food, absorption of appropriate molecules, and ultimately production of energy. This method involves a sequence of reactions and every one of these reactions occurs within the body underneath terribly delicate conditions. this happens with the assistance of bound biocatalysts referred to as enzymes. most of the enzymes area unit spheric proteins.

Also read: JEE Advanced Sample Papers

FAQs

Q. What area unit the most functions of every one of the three biomolecules?

Ans. carbohydrates. offer sugars to be diminished into nucleotide for mitochondria; produce aldohexose.

lipids. long-run energy offer in cells.

proteins. building blocks for cell structure Associate in Nursingd regulate cell processes; a nutrient that may be remodeled into an energy molecule.

What area unit the four main classifications of molecules?

There area unit four major categories of enormous biological molecules—carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates area unit created from monomers referred to as monosaccharides that contain carbon, oxygen, and chemical element.

What are proteins?

Proteins are the foremost copious biomolecules of the living system. Chief sources of proteins are milk, cheese, pulses, peanuts, fish, meat, etc. They occur in each part of the body and type the basic basis of structure and functions of life. they're additionally needed for the growth and maintenance of the body. The word supermolecule comes from the Greek word, “proteins” which suggests primary or prime importance. All proteins are polymers of α-amino acids.