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Introduction: Organic Chemistry – JEE
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing molecules’ structure, characteristics, content, reactions, and manufacture. The majority of organic molecules include carbon and hydrogen, but they may also contain a variety of additional elements (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, sulfur).
Organic chemistry was originally restricted to the study of molecules created by living organisms, but it has now expanded to encompass man-made substances (e.g., plastics).
Organic chemistry is a very creative discipline in which chemists may develop and investigate molecules and compounds. Organic chemists spend a significant amount of effort generating new molecules and improving current ones.
Organic chemistry is the field of chemistry concerned with the scientific investigation of organic substances (compounds that contain covalently bonded carbon atoms). This discipline of chemistry is largely concerned with the structure and chemical composition of organic molecules, their physical and chemical characteristics, and the chemical processes that these compounds experience. Organic chemistry advances have provided countless contributions to human society, including the creation of multiple medicines, polymers, and other natural products. Synthetic organic chemistry is a branch of organic chemistry concerned with the design and manufacture of organic molecules for practical applications.
Because the study of organic chemistry was previously limited to substances created by living creatures, the name “organic” was coined. This was attributed to some ‘life force’ found in biological substances, which had something inanimate substances lacked. When Urey Miller produced urea from inorganic chemicals, the aforementioned idea was refuted, although the categorization is still in use.
Organic chemistry is a large field due to a critical feature of the element carbon known as carbon catenation. Carbon has a remarkable capacity to make extremely stable bonds with other carbon atoms, allowing it to construct stable molecules with highly complicated structures. Catenation is an element’s capacity to create bonds with another element’s atoms of the same kind. As a result, the breadth of organic chemistry can be attributed to this carbon characteristic.
Organic chemistry’s relevance now is as great as it has been since its commencement. It is crucial in our daily lives since food, medications, paper, clothes, soap, fragrances, and other necessities are required for us to live. Organic chemistry is essential for chemists and pharmacists who want to create medications to help those in need.
Organic chemistry reactions take place between organic substances. Let us now go through the various terminology, classifications, field effects, reagent kinds, intermediate stability, and attributes in detail.
Bonds Cleavage in Organic Chemistry – JEE
Organic chemistry reactions are caused by the breaking and formation of bonds. Bonds can be cleaved in one of two ways:
- Homolytic cleavage: It occurs when the covalent bonds between two elements break in such a way that each element receives its own electron. In other words, each element receives an electron. Free radicals are formed as a result of homolytic cleavage.
- Heterolytic cleavage: When covalent bonds between two elements break heterolytically, i.e. unequally, charged species arise. This sort of bond breakage, in which the electrons are dispersed unevenly, is known as heterolytic cleavage.
Organic Chemistry Reaction Intermediates
Intermediates can be thought of as the initial product of a series of reactions. In a chemical process, for example, if AB and BC are present, then B is the intermediate for reaction AC. Organic chemistry processes take place as a result of the creation of these intermediates.
Reactions in Organic Chemistry
Addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions, and redox reactions are the fundamental organic chemistry reaction types. Organic reactions are utilized in the production of new organic compounds in organic synthesis.
Organic Chemistry’s Applications
Organic chemicals may be found everywhere around us. Many contemporary materials are made up of organic molecules in some form or another. They are critical to economic growth and the disciplines of biochemistry, biotechnology, and medicine. Organic industrial chemistry is critical to current world economies because it focuses on transforming raw resources (such as oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into consumer and industrial goods.
Organic industrial chemistry is now mostly dependent on petroleum and natural gas. Because these are scarce raw materials, much industry attention is being paid to understanding how to turn renewable resources (e.g., plants) into industrial organic compounds.
Organic compounds can be found in a variety of applications, including agrochemicals, coatings, cosmetics, detergent, dyestuff, food, fuel, petrochemicals, medicines, plastics, and rubber.
Organic chemistry is used in a variety of consumer items. As an example, consider the cosmetics sector. Organic chemistry investigates how the skin reacts to metabolic and environmental stimuli, and chemists develop products in response. Soaps, plastics, perfume, coal, and food additives are further examples of daily items that use organic chemistry.
Also Read: JEE Main Organic Chemistry Previous Year Questions With Solutions
FAQ’s
Q. How should you tackle the organic chemistry section of the JEE Mains exams?
ANS: Following the advice provided will assist the student in answering Organic Chemistry questions with ease throughout the examination.
- To begin, students should ensure that they tackle all questions that do not have negative indications.
- If a student is perplexed by a question, it is best to follow the following advice. If they can eliminate any two alternatives, the student can proceed to mark the solution. If not, it is preferable for the student to ignore the question.
- It is best to answer questions with negative markings only if the candidate is certain of the answers.
How many questions in JEE Mains are from organic chemistry?
Every year, roughly three organic chemistry questions are posed. These questions are worth 7% of the overall weightage. As is generally known, each question is significant in raising a student's standing in the JEE advanced examinations. As a result, one must be well familiar with the subject of organic chemistry. To learn the topic, students can download the questions that appear and practice the questions from the previous year's question papers. With enough practice, the learner will achieve transparency and so be able to do well on the exam.
What characteristics distinguish a powerful nucleophile?
The conjugate base is an excellent nucleophile. OH–, for example, is a better nucleophile than H2O. Atoms are more inclined to donate electrons to form a connection when they have a negative charge.
