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Definition:
It is one of the rare diseases that occurs when a person’s kidneys pass urine in an unusual way, that is, odorless and mixed. In other words, it is a rare condition in which the kidneys can no longer control the flow of fluid.
Diabetes mellitus and insipidus diabetes which include both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are not related but both conditions cause chronic thirst and frequent urination. Blood sugar levels are normal for people with diabetes insipidus sugar, however, their kidneys have not been able to control body fluids. That is the only difference between diabetes mellitus and insipidus diabetes.
Diabetes insipidus, also known as DI, can be defined as a disease in which the release or response to pituitary vasopressin hormone is disrupted, resulting in the loss of large amounts of urine mixed often due to dehydration and unsatisfactory thirst. It is a disorder of the metabolism of salt and water that is characterized by excessive dryness and urination. Diabetes insipidus occurs when the body is unable to control its fluid response. This is not related to diabetes; diabetes mellitus insipidus is caused by a hormonal imbalance. Diabetes insipidus causes excessive thirst, water-electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, fatigue, or illness.
Complications of Diabetes Insipidus
Damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus from surgery, tumor, head injury, genetic disease, or genetic disease can cause central diabetes insipidus by affecting the normal production, maintenance, and release of ADH. Diabetes insipidus creates a high risk of dehydration and a host of other diseases and conditions. A chemical called vasopressin (AVP), also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) caused by diabetes insipidus. Arginine vasopressin is produced by the hypothalamus and is stored in the pituitary gland until needed. Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure in the US.
Diabetes Insipidus Symptoms
It is one of the rare diseases that occur when a person’s kidneys pass through an unusually large amount of urine (odorless and soluble). In the case of the whole body, a person may experience extreme thirst, water-electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, fatigue, or illness. In the case of urination, a person may urinate frequently, or even in bed. Apart from all of this, headaches or weight loss are very common as symptoms of diabetes insipidus.
Types of Diabetes Insipidus
There are four different types of diabetes insipidus:
- Central Diabetes Insipidus: This condition is caused by damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.
- Diabetes Nephrogenic Insipidus: This condition is caused by a variety of factors, kidney disease, high levels of calcium, blockage of the urinary tract, or low levels of potassium in the body.
- Diabetes Dipsogenic Insipidus: This condition is caused by a malfunction of the arteries in the hypothalamus.
Gestational Diabetes Insipidus
This condition is caused during pregnancy especially when the mother’s ADH is destroyed by placental enzymes.
The other two types of Diabetes Insipidus are:
- Dipsogenic Diabetes Insipidus – Dehydration of the hypothalamus causes this condition. These defects result in an abnormal increase in thirst and fluid that suppresses vasopressin secretion and increases urine output. Certain medications or mental health problems may cause a person to develop diabetes adipogenic insipidus.
- Gestational Diabetes Insipidus – This condition is caused during pregnancy, especially when the mother’s ADH is destroyed by placental enzymes. In a few cases, the enzyme produced by the placenta – a temporary organ that joins the mother and baby breaks down the mother’s vasopressin. Most pregnant women with diabetes gestation insipidus have a mild form but no symptoms.
Complications of Diabetes Insipidus
- Our kidneys function by filtering blood over and over again. Only a small amount of concentrated urine is released and more water is added. Diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys are unable to pass urine properly due to excessive mixed urine.
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates the amount of water released from the urine. ADH is also known as vasopressin. It is made in the part of the brain known as the hypothalamus. It is then stored and excreted in the pituitary gland just below the brain.
- The DI that occurs due to ADH deficiency is known as central diabetes insipidus. When DI occurs as a result of kidney failure in response to ADH, this condition is known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Insipidus Diabetes Treatment
- Central DI can be administered with vasopressin by injection, pills, or nasal spray.
- In nephrogenic DI occurs with medication, restoring normal kidney function can be helped by stopping the medication.
- Hereditary nephrogenic DI can be treated by drinking enough fluids to match urine excretion.
- Nephrogenic DI is treated with diuretics (water pills) and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Did you know?
The facts of diabetes insipidus are: it is a rare disorder caused by problems related to the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or its receptor and leads to frequent urination. Diabetes insipidus is not associated with diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis of insipidus diabetes is based on a series of tests such as urinalysis and dehydration tests. Treatment for diabetes insipidus depends on the type of diabetes insipidus. Diabetes can lead to chronic kidney insipidus.
Also read: Important Topic Of Biology: Reflex Action
FAQs
What is the difference between Diabetes Insipidus and Mellitus?
Diabetes Insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive urination and excessive thirst while diabetes is a type of disease that affects metabolic processes characterized by high blood sugar levels. Diabetes insipidus is usually caused by a deficiency of the hormone pituitary vasopressin, which helps regulate kidney function while diabetes is often caused by a deficiency of the pancreatic insulin hormone, which fails to combine sugar with starch. Diabetes insipidus has no glucose, and diabetes has glucose. Diabetes insipidus produces a large amount of urine, while Mellitus produces sweet urine.
Q. What is the treatment for Diabetes Insipidus?
Ans: Treatment may include hormone therapy depending on the type of disorder, low-sodium diet, and eating large amounts of water. Doctors are using other tests to diagnose insipidus diabetes, which includes:
- Dehydration test: Although a medical team has been appointed, the patient will be asked to stop drinking fluids temporarily, and to prevent dehydration, ADH allows the kidneys to reduce the amount of fluid lost in the urine.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): A rare test, examining abnormalities or near the pituitary glands. It uses a powerful magnetic field to draw detailed images of brain tissue.
- Genetic testing: This is recommended if another member of your family has a similar urinary problem.
