Table of Contents
Introduction
Crop breeding started with idle farming and agroforestry, a practice that dates back to about 9000 to 11000 years. At that time, farmers simply selected food plants with certain desirable characteristics. It has been done around the world by farmers and ranchers. It also employs professional plant growers who are employed by various organizations such as universities, government institutions, research institutes, or industry-specific industry organizations.
The Joint Plant Breeding Program is used by farmers to become more involved in plant breeding. International development agencies think that new crop breeding is important to ensure food security through the development of new, disease-resistant, drought-resistant, and regionally-grown varieties.
Crop Reproduction – Requires Reproduction Resistance to Disease
Plant Breeding is actually the science of modifying or modifying plant characteristics to give the required characteristics. One of the main objectives of the crop breeding process is to provide high-quality crop varieties and distinctive features to propagate agricultural applications. Plant breeding, also known as plant breeding, is carried out using a variety of techniques ranging from selecting plants with desirable traits for distribution to the use of chromosome-related and genetic data.
Different Types of Crop Reproduction Processes
The various types of plant breeding systems available include Inbreeding, Backcrossing, Mutation breed, Hybrid breeding, and Genetic engineering. All of these processes involve various methods and techniques that contribute to growing or producing plants in many ways.
Plant Breeding and Genetics
Gregor Mendel (1822-84) is considered the “genetic father”. He has established inheritance laws with the help of experiments with the hybridization of plants. Genetics encouraged research to improve plant production through Plant Breeding.
Plant mutation is achieved by adding a selected gene to a plant, or by breaking down an RNAi gene, to provide the desired phenotype. The plants that result from genetic engineering are often referred to as genetically modified plants. If genetically modified genes or genes are used to test their native promoters, it means that they are cisgenic plants. Sometimes genetic mutations can produce a plant with a specific trait or characteristics faster than in the old breeding process because a large part of the genetic makeup of a plant is unchanged.
Modern Plant Breeding
Modern Plant Breeding is Applied Genetics, which includes Biology, Cytology, Physiology, Pathology, Entomology, and Mathematics. It has also developed its own technology.
Sometimes a wide variety of genes can influence a desirable trait in plant reproduction. The use of tools such as cellular markers or DNA fingerprints can map out thousands of genes. This allows botanists to evaluate the number of plants in people with a genetic predisposition. Tests are predicted by the presence or absence of a specific gene as determined by laboratory processes, rather than by the physical identification of a feature expressed within a plant.
Ordinary Plant Breeding
One great way to breed plants is to choose, how to propagate plants with desirable traits and eliminate or “eradicate” those with less desirable traits.
Normal reproduction is highly dependent on the homologous fusion between chromosomes for genetic diversity. An ancient botanist could also use a variety of in vitro techniques such as protoplast fusion, embryonic rescue, or mutagenesis to determine the diversity and production of hybrids that may not be naturally occurring.
The factors that farmers have tried to incorporate into their crops include:
- Improved quality, such as nutritious food, improved taste, or more beauty
- Increased yield
- Increased environmental tolerance (salt, heat, drought)
- Resistance to viruses, fungi, and bacteria
- Increased pest tolerance
- Increased tolerance to herbicides
- Long-term storage of the harvested crop
Another option is to deliberately breed people close or close to each other to provide new species of plants or rows with desirable locations. Cross-breeding plants are used to introduce genes or genes from a variety of genes or genes into a changing gene.
Problems and Concerns About Plant Reproduction
Classical Plant Breeding, Modern Plant Breeding, or Plant Breeding through the process of genetic differentiation, each comes with its own unique plant-related concerns. There is always the question of whether the breeding process can adversely affect plant nutrition.
According to a study published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition in 2004 with changes in the USDA Food Composition Data for the 43 garden corps between 1950 and 1999 compared vegetable analysis between those years, it noted. significant decrease among 6 of the 13 built averages. This includes 38% riboflavin and 6% protein. Decreases in phosphorus, vitamin C, iron, and calcium were also found. So issues related to the value of healthy plant foods related to the plant breeding process continue to be an important topic of discussion in the industry even today.
The Role of Plant Breeding in Organic Agriculture
Critics of organic farming say it produces too little to be an alternative to conventional agriculture. However, part of that malfunction may be the result of the growth of poorly modified species. Breeding varieties that are accustomed to different agricultural conditions is essential for the sector to realize their full potential.
This requires the selection of features such as:
- Efficient water use efficiency
- Proper use of nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorus)
- Weed competition
- Tolerance to mechanical weed control
- Resistance to pests or diseases
- Tolerance to Abiotic pressure (i.e. drought, salt, etc …)
Crop breeding helps to promote biodiversity. It has provided huge profits, through the use of its products. Compared to any other methods Plant breeding is easier when the process and ideas for crop development are easier.
Plant breeding is the science of modifying plant characteristics to produce desirable traits. It has been used to improve the quality of nutritious food in human and animal products.
FAQ’s
What are the different factors that farmers and ranchers have tried to incorporate into their crops?
The different characteristics that farmers and ranchers have tried to incorporate into their crops through a crop breeding program are as follows. Improved quality in terms of food, more beauty, or improved taste. Apart from this they also try to incorporate increased tolerance to environmental stress, increased crop yields, resistance to fungi - bacteria - bacteria, increased tolerance to herbicides, increased resistance to pests, and longer storage of harvested crops.
What is the role of plant breeding in organic farming?
Crop breeding often promotes biodiversity. It offers great benefits for the use of products. Compared to many other techniques, Plant Reproduction can be easier if the process and ideas for crop development are simple. Crop breeding in organic farming requires a variety of factors including nutrient utilization, water efficiency, weed competition, disease or pest resistance, mechanical weed control, and abiotic stress tolerance.
