Transpiration-Opening and Closing of Stomata

Introduction to Stomata

There are certain parts of every green plant that are important and play an important role in the various processes of life. Stomata is one of the most important components involved in gas exchange. There are thousands of stomata on the surface of the leaves. Many of these are found on the underside of leaves.

Stomata are small holes in the epidermis of the leaves. We can see the stomata under a bright microscope. In some plants, stomata are present in the stems and other parts of the plant. Stomata play an important role in gas exchange and photosynthesis. They control the respiratory rate by opening and closing.

Types of Stomata

There are different types of stomata, and they are categorized primarily based on their number and the characteristics of the surrounding underlying cells. Listed below are the different types of stomata.

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  Anomocytic Stomata

They are surrounded by epidermal cells, which have a fixed shape and size. Stomata appear to be embedded in epidermal cells. There is no exact number and arrangement of cells around the stomata.

• Anisocytic Stomata

Stomata are surrounded by three subsets of lesser size, one smaller than the other two.

• Diacytic Stomata

The stomata are surrounded by underlying cells surrounded by a vigilant cell.

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  Paracytic Stomata

The stomata are continuously surrounded by two utensils arranged in line with the abdominal cavity and the guard cells.

• Gramineous Stomata

Each stoma has two guard cells, dumbbell-shaped. Ground cells are associated with security cells. Security cells are found to be small in the middle and wide at the end.

Structure of Stomata

The stomata consist of small holes called stomata surrounded by guard cells. Stomata are open and close according to the turgidity of the guard cells. The cell wall around the hole is strong and flexible. The shape of the guard cells is usually different from both monocots and dicots, although the pathway remains the same. The guard cells are bean-shaped and contain chloroplasts. They contain chlorophyll and capture light.

The cells below surround the guard cells. Cells are the supporting cells of cells and are found in the epidermis of plants. They are located between the security cells and the epidermal cells and protect the epidermal cells as the immune cells grow during the opening of the abdomen.

The average number of stomata is about 300 per square mm of leaf area.

Functions of Stomata

The main functions of the stomata are:

• Gas exchange- Assistance of opening and closing stomata in gas exchange between plant and surrounding environment.
• It helps to breathe and remove excess water in the form of water vapor.
• Closing the abdomen at night prevents water from flowing through the pores.
• Maintains a humidity climate by opening and closing.
• Stomata facilitate the discovery of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen during the process of photosynthesis.

Opening and Closing of Stomata

How to open and close the stomata?

The opening and closing of the stomata depend on the turgor pressure, which is caused by the osmotic fluid flow to the guard cells. When the guard cells are turgid, they grow, leading to the opening of the stomata. When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid leading to constipation. Stomata usually open when light hits a leaf and closes at night.

The surface of the mesophyll is a sponge cell in the leaf that is exposed to the joints.

These cells produce a thin film of water. The water from the film evaporates.

The built-up water vapor satisfies the air in the joints, spreads to the joints, and reaches the lower abdomen. Eventually, it comes out of the air.

The water absorbed by the roots rises to the stem and reaches the leaf tissue.

The sap cell in each cell presses the turgor out of the cell wall. This pressure forces some water from the cell wall to move into the air space between the cells, i.e., the space between the cells.

Here, water evaporates, and water vapor from the conjunctiva dissipates to the lower abdominal cavity, where it is finally excreted by the stomata.

There are stomata above the dicot leaf; therefore, more respiration occurs underground.

Also read: Important Topic Of Biology: Pistil Interaction

FAQs:

Question 1: Explain how to open and close the stomata.

Answer 1: Stomata is one of the most important components of gas exchange. The surface of the leaves is filled with thousands of stomata. Most are on the underside of the leaves.

Question 2: What are Stomata?

Answer 2: Stomata are small holes in the epidermis of the leaves. Under a bright microscope, we can see stomata. Stomata are found in stems and other parts of other plants

Question 3: How are Stomata made?

Answer 3: Each stoma is surrounded by two guard cells.

The guards are shaped like kidneys and contain chloroplasts.

There is a respiratory chamber located in each stoma.