Table of Contents
Types of Cells – Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell
A prokaryotic cell is a simple, unicellular organism that lacks a nuclear membrane and other organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are found in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Eukaryotic cells are complex, multicellular organisms that have a nuclear membrane and other organelles found in prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are found in the domain Eukarya.
Cytoplasm
is the semifluid substance that fills the cells of all living organisms. It is composed of water, dissolved salts, proteins, and other organic molecules. The cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell is continuous with the surrounding environment, while the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell is enclosed within a plasma membrane.
Cytoplasm is the semifluid substance that fills the cells of all living organisms. It is composed of water, dissolved salts, proteins, and other organic molecules. The cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell is continuous with the surrounding environment, while the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell is enclosed within a plasma membrane.
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm of cells. It provides the cell with structural support and helps to organize the cell’s contents. The cytoskeleton also plays a role in cell movement and in the transmission of signals within the cell.
Types of Cells
There are two types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are the simplest type of cells and they do not have a nuclear membrane. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells and they have a nuclear membrane.
Cell Structure
A cell is the smallest unit of life. It is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms. Cells are incredibly complex and each has its own specific role in the organism.
The cell wall is a rigid layer of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane. It provides protection for the cell and helps to maintain its shape.
The cell membrane is a thin, flexible layer of protein and phospholipid that surrounds the cell. It controls what enters and leaves the cell.
The cytoplasm is the material inside the cell membrane. It contains the cell’s organelles, which carry out the cell’s functions.
The nucleus is the organelle that contains the cell’s DNA. It directs the cell’s activities.
The mitochondria are the organelles that produce energy for the cell.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes and sacs that helps to process and store proteins.
The Golgi apparatus is a network of sacs that helps to package and process proteins and lipids.
The lysosomes are sacs that contain digestive enzymes.
The chloroplasts are organelles that allow plants to photosynthesize.
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Prokaryotic cells are structurally simple, lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The prokaryotic cell wall is made of peptidoglycan, a polysaccharide-protein complex, and the cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer. The cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell contains the cell’s DNA, ribosomes, and other proteins.
Prokaryotic Cell General Features
Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells. They lack a defined nucleus and other organelles, and their genetic material is not organized into chromosomes. Prokaryotic cells typically have a single chromosome, a circular molecule of DNA. The DNA is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus, as it is in eukaryotic cells, but is instead located in the cell’s cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells also lack other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Prokaryotic cells are generally aerobic, meaning that they use oxygen to produce energy from food molecules. They also typically lack a cell wall, which is characteristic of plant and fungal cells. Prokaryotic cells are typically surrounded by a cell membrane, and they possess a variety of enzymes that allow them to break down food molecules and use the energy they contain to power the cell’s activities.
Structure and Functions of a Prokaryotic Cell
A prokaryotic cell is a simple, unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
The cell wall and cell membrane are the only two cell-envelope structures in a prokaryotic cell. The cell wall is a tough, fibrous layer that surrounds the cell membrane and helps protect the cell. The cell membrane is a thin, flexible layer that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell membrane. It contains the cell’s DNA, ribosomes, and other organelles.
The prokaryotic cell cycle is the process by which a prokaryotic cell divides to produce two new cells. It consists of the following steps:
1. The DNA in the cytoplasm is replicated.
2. The replicated DNA is divided into two new cells.
3. The cells divide to produce two new cells.
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
The cell wall is a type of cell membrane that surrounds the cell and helps to protect it.
The cell membrane is a thin, flexible layer of protein and lipid that surrounds the cell. It separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
The cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell membrane. It contains the cell’s organelles and genetic material.
The nucleus is a large, round organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material.
The mitochondria are small, bean-shaped organelles that produce energy for the cell.
The ribosomes are small, round organelles that produce proteins for the cell.
Eukaryotic Cell General Features
A eukaryotic cell is a type of cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger than prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells are typically more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Structure and Functions of a Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic cells are distinguished from prokaryotic cells by their larger size and the presence of organelles, including a nucleus, within the cell. Eukaryotic cells are also capable of more complex activities, such as protein synthesis and cell division.
The nucleus is the largest and most prominent organelle in a eukaryotic cell. It is responsible for controlling the cell’s activities, including the synthesis of proteins and the division of the cell. The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA, which stores the genetic information necessary for the cell to function.
Other organelles in a eukaryotic cell include the mitochondria, which produce energy for the cell, and the Golgi apparatus, which processes proteins and lipids.
Plant Cell Structure
Plants are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that lack cell walls and reproduce through sexual and asexual means. The basic structural and functional unit of a plant is the cell. Plant cells are typically rectangular in shape and have a large central vacuole, which is used for storage. The cell membrane surrounds the cell contents and regulates what enters and leaves the cell. The cytoplasm is the gel-like material inside the cell membrane and contains the organelles. The nucleus is located in the center of the cell and contains the plant’s genetic information.
Animal Cell Structure
Animal cells are eukaryotic cells that lack cell walls. They are distinguished from plant cells by their lack of cellulose in the cell wall and by their smaller size. Animal cells are typically round or oval in shape and have a variety of organelles that allow them to carry out the complex processes necessary for life.
For more visit Nucleic Acids – Structure, Types and Function
