Table of Contents
Preconventional Morality
Preconventional morality is the earliest stage in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. This stage is characterized by a focus on external rewards and punishments, rather than on internal principles or motives. In other words, preconventional morality is based on the idea that people do the right thing in order to receive positive reinforcement (e.g., praise, approval) or avoid negative reinforcement (e.g., punishment, disapproval).
Preconventional morality is usually seen in young children, who are primarily motivated by things like avoiding punishment and seeking rewards. This stage is based on the belief that there is a right and wrong way to behave, and that people should do the right thing in order to be rewarded (or avoid punishment).
Preconventional morality is not based on a consideration of the intrinsic merits of a particular action. Rather, it is based on the idea that people should do the right thing because that is what is expected of them.
Lawrence Kohlberg Theory of Moral Development
The Lawrence Kohlberg theory of moral development is a six-stage model of moral development that explains how people come to moral decisions. The theory was developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, a psychologist who studied moral development in children.
The theory has three main principles:
Moral reasoning is based on a person’s understanding of ethical principles.
People progress through a series of developmental stages as they learn to reason about ethical principles.
Moral development is a lifelong process.
The six stages of moral development are:
1. Pre-Conventional Morality
2. Conventional Morality
3. Post-Conventional Morality
4. Individualistic Morality
5. Universalistic Morality
6. Moral Perfectionism
Lawrence Kohlberg’s Post-conventional Morality
Lawrence Kohlberg’s post-conventional morality is a theory of moral development that describes how people come to understand ethical principles and make moral decisions. The theory is based on the idea that people progress through six stages of moral development, from a pre-conventional stage in which they obey rules simply because they are told to, to a post-conventional stage in which they understand ethical principles and make moral decisions based on their own understanding of right and wrong.
According to Kohlberg, the post-conventional stage is reached when people develop a sense of conscience that is based on abstract ethical principles, rather than on obedience to authority. At this stage, people understand that there is no one right answer to moral questions, and that different people may have different opinions on what is right and wrong. They are able to reason ethically and make moral decisions based on their own understanding of the situation and of ethical principles.
Preconventional Stage
In the preconventional stage, children’s moral reasoning is based on rewards and punishments. They believe that people do bad things because they want to avoid getting in trouble or because they want to get something they want.
Lawrence Kohlberg Moral Development
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is one of the most extensively researched and widely accepted theories of moral development. The theory is based on the idea that people progress through a series of six stages of moral development, each of which is associated with a different level of reasoning. Kohlberg’s theory has been used to explain the development of moral reasoning in children, adolescents, and adults.
The six stages of moral development are:
1. Pre-Conventional Morality
2. Conventional Morality
3. Post-Conventional Morality
4. Individualism
5. Universalism
6. Moral Principle
Pre-Conventional Morality
The first stage of moral development is Pre-Conventional Morality, which is characterized by a focus on the self and on obeying rules in order to avoid punishment or gain rewards. This stage is typically seen in children who are younger than 10 years old.
Conventional Morality
The second stage of moral development is Conventional Morality, which is characterized by a focus on the norms and expectations of the social group. This stage is typically seen in children who are 10 to 13 years old.
Post-Conventional Morality
The third stage of moral development is Post-Conventional Morality, which is characterized by a focus on individual principles and values. This stage is typically seen in adolescents and adults.
Individualism
The fourth stage
Preconventional Reasoning
Preconventional reasoning is the earliest stage of moral development, in which children learn to follow rules in order to avoid punishment. This stage is based on a simple understanding of right and wrong, and children typically believe that adults have the right to punish them for bad behavior.
Preconventional Level
The preconventional level of morality is the first stage in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. This stage is characterized by a focus on obeying rules and avoiding punishment. Children in the preconventional stage believe that rules are absolute and that breaking them leads to punishment.
At this stage, children are primarily motivated by self-interest and a desire to avoid punishment. They see the world in terms of right and wrong, good and bad, and black and white. They have a simplistic understanding of morality, and their views are based primarily on their own experiences and what they are told by authority figures.
Lawrence Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development
Stage 1: Pre-Conventional Morality
In this stage, children learn to obey rules in order to avoid punishment or gain rewards. The morality is based on external factors, such as what is legal or illegal, or what will get them in trouble or make them happy.
Stage 2: Conventional Morality
In this stage, children learn to conform to the expectations of others in order to be accepted and respected. The morality is based on societal norms and expectations.
Stage 3: Post-Conventional Morality
In this stage, children learn to think for themselves and make their own decisions, based on their own values and principles. The morality is based on individual principles and ethics.
Postconventional Stage
The postconventional stage is the highest and most complex stage of moral development. People in this stage have a strong sense of personal ethics and are able to think critically about ethical issues. They are able to see multiple sides of an issue and consider the impact of their decisions on themselves, others, and society as a whole.
Postconventional Reasoning
Postconventional reasoning is the ability to think beyond the conventions of society. It is the ability to think for oneself and to question the status quo. Postconventional reasoning allows people to think critically and to come up with their own solutions to problems. It enables people to see beyond the limitations of conventional thinking and to come up with new and innovative ideas.
Postconventional reasoning is essential for progress and for solving problems. It allows people to think outside the box and to come up with new solutions to old problems. It enables people to challenge the status quo and to come up with new ways of doing things. Postconventional reasoning is essential for creativity and for innovation. It allows people to think beyond the limitations of conventional thinking and to come up with new and innovative ideas.
Postconventional reasoning is also essential for democracy and for freedom. It allows people to think for themselves and to question the decisions of the government. It enables people to make their own decisions and to chart their own course. Postconventional reasoning is essential for self-governance and for liberty. It allows people to think for themselves and to chart their own course.
Postconventional reasoning is also essential for human rights and for social justice. It allows people to think critically and to come up with their own solutions to problems. It enables people to see beyond the limitations of conventional thinking and to come up with new and innovative ideas.
Pre-Customary Laws
Pre-customary law is a system of law that predates recorded history. It is based on customs and traditions that are passed down through the generations. Pre-customary law is not written down, but it is understood and followed by the people who live under it.
Pre-customary law is often based on oral tradition. This means that the customs and traditions are passed down by word of mouth, from one generation to the next. Pre-customary law is also based on precedent. This means that the customs and traditions are based on past decisions made by the people who live under the system of law.
Pre-customary law is not always fair or equal. In fact, it can often be very harsh and unfair. However, it is very important to the people who live under it, because it is based on their customs
Post-Customary
Norms are the standards that people use to decide how they should behave. There are two types of norms, customary and post-customary. Customs are the norms that are passed down through generations and are usually based on tradition. Post-customary norms are the norms that are developed after a custom is created. They are usually based on reason and logic.
Post-customary norms are better than customs because they are based on reason and logic. Customs are often based on tradition, which can be irrational. For example, in some cultures it is considered bad luck to walk under a ladder. This is a custom that is based on superstition, not reason. Post-customary norms are not based on superstition, but on logic. For example, in some cultures it is considered bad manners to burp at the dinner table. This is a norm that is based on reason, not tradition.
Post-customary norms are also better than customs because they can be changed if they are no longer logical. Customs are often based on tradition, which can be difficult to change. For example, in some cultures it is considered bad luck to walk under a ladder. This is a custom that is based on tradition, and it is difficult to change it. Post-customary norms are not based on tradition, but on reason. For example, in some cultures it is considered bad manners to burp at the dinner table. This is a norm that is based on reason, and it can be changed if it is no longer logical.
