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About Non-Standard Amino Acids
Non-standard amino acids are amino acids that are not found in the standard genetic code. These amino acids are often found in proteins that are produced by bacteria and other microorganisms. Some of these amino acids are also found in human proteins, but they are not produced by the human body. Non-standard amino acids can be produced artificially, or they can be found in natural products.
Non-Standard Amino Acids Definition
Non-standard amino acids are amino acids that are not found in the standard genetic code. They can be found in proteins produced by some viruses, bacteria, and other organisms. Non-standard amino acids can also be synthesized in the laboratory.
Standard and Non-Standard Amino Acids
Standard amino acids are those that are found in proteins and are encoded by the genetic code. Non-standard amino acids are those that are not found in proteins, but may be found in other molecules such as peptides or in the cell’s metabolic pathways. Non-standard amino acids can be artificially synthesized or discovered in nature.
Non-Standard Amino Acids and Their Functions
There are many non-standard amino acids that play important roles in biology. One example is selenocysteine, which is used to make proteins that contain selenium atoms. These proteins are important for many cellular functions, including antioxidant protection and DNA repair. Another example is pyrrolysine, which is used to make proteins that contain carbon and nitrogen atoms in addition to the standard oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms. These proteins are important for many cellular functions, including the regulation of gene expression.
List of Non-Standard Amino Acids
There are a number of non-standard amino acids that occur in nature, but are not found in the standard 20 amino acids. Some of these amino acids are found in specific proteins, while others are found in a wide variety of proteins.
The following is a list of non-standard amino acids:
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
4-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
2-aminoisobutyric acid
3-aminoisobutyric acid
4-aminoisobutyric acid
2-aminopentanoic acid
3-aminopentanoic acid
4-aminopentanoic acid
5-aminovaleric acid
2-aminopropanoic acid
3-aminopropanoic acid
4-aminopropanoic acid
5-aminopropionic acid
alpha-aminoisobutyric acid
beta-aminoisobutyric acid
