Table of Contents
plant-kingdom
The plant kingdom is a large and diverse group of organisms that includes all green plants. Green plants are distinguished by the presence of chlorophyll, which enables them to use sunlight to produce energy from simple molecules. Green plants are found in a variety of habitats, from the moist tropics to the dry deserts.
Green plants are divided into two main groups, the vascular plants and the nonvascular plants. Vascular plants are plants that have specialized tissues called xylem and phloem that enable them to transport water and nutrients throughout their bodies. Nonvascular plants do not have these tissues and are limited to a small size.
Green plants are also divided into two main categories, the flowering plants and the nonflowering plants. Flowering plants are plants that produce flowers, and they are the most common type of plant. Nonflowering plants do not produce flowers and include mosses and liverworts.
Classification of the Plant Kingdom in Order of Evolution
The plant kingdom can be classified in order of evolution according to the following:
1. Green Algae
2. Bryophytes
3. Ferns
4. Gymnosperms
5. Angiosperms
1. Green Algae: Green algae are primitive plants that evolved early in the history of the plant kingdom. They are aquatic plants that typically have one cell or a few cells that form a simple plant body.
2. Bryophytes: Bryophytes are also primitive plants that evolved early in the history of the plant kingdom. They are non-vascular plants that typically have one cell or a few cells that form a simple plant body. Bryophytes include mosses and liverworts.
3. Ferns: Ferns are vascular plants that evolved during the Devonian Period. They have a simple plant body with a stem, leaves, and roots. Ferns reproduce by spores that are produced on the underside of their leaves.
4. Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are vascular plants that evolved during the Carboniferous Period. They have a simple plant body with a stem, leaves, and roots. Gymnosperms reproduce by seeds that are produced in cones.
5. Angiosperms: Angiosperms are vascular plants that evolved during the Cretaceous Period. They have a complex plant body with a stem, leaves, and roots. Angiosperms
Classification of the Plant Kingdom on the Basis of Embryo
Plants can be classified into two major groups on the basis of their embryos – vascular plants and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants have embryos that contain vascular tissue, which is responsible for conducting water and nutrients throughout the plant. Non-vascular plants have embryos without vascular tissue and rely on other means, such as diffusion, for transporting water and nutrients.
Oswald Tippo Classification of Plant Kingdom
The plant kingdom is divided into two main groups: the green plants and the red plants. The green plants are further divided into the two groups: the vascular plants and the non-vascular plants. The red plants are divided into the group: the algae.
The green plants are further divided into the two groups: the vascular plants and the non-vascular plants.
The vascular plants are further divided into the two groups: the seed plants and the non-seed plants.
The seed plants are further divided into the two groups: the gymnosperms and the angiosperms.
The gymnosperms are further divided into the two groups: the conifers and the cycads.
The angiosperms are further divided into the four groups: the monocots, the dicots, the lilies, and the orchids.
The non-seed plants are further divided into the two groups: the ferns and the mosses.
The red plants are divided into the group: the algae.
The algae are further divided into the two groups: the green algae and the brown algae.
Karl Menz Classification of Plant Kingdom
There are three major divisions of the plant kingdom- vascular plants, nonvascular plants, and red algae.
Vascular plants are plants that have specialized tissues for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They are also the only plants that have true stems, leaves, and flowers. The majority of plants that you see everyday are vascular plants, including trees, bushes, and flowers.
Nonvascular plants are plants that lack these specialized tissues and are limited to just a few inches in height. They include mosses and liverworts.
Red algae are a type of algae that have red pigment in their cells. They are mostly found in salt water and are not considered to be plants.
Haeckel Theory of Classification of Plant Kingdom
The Haeckel theory of classification of plant kingdom is based on the evolutionary relationships between plants. It divides plants into two major groups: the green plants and the red plants.
The green plants are further divided into the bryophytes, the pteridophytes, and the angiosperms. The red plants are divided into the gymnosperms and the angiosperms.
The bryophytes are the simplest plants and they do not have vascular tissue. The pteridophytes are more complex than the bryophytes and they have vascular tissue. The angiosperms are the most complex plants and they have vascular tissue and flowers.
The gymnosperms are plants that produce seeds in a cone. The angiosperms are plants that produce seeds in a fruit.
Copeland Classification System of Plant Kingdom
The Copeland classification system of the plant kingdom is a system of classification that organizes plants into divisions and classes. The system is based on the number and type of cells in the plant. Plants are divided into two groups: those with one type of cell, and those with multiple types of cells. Plants with one type of cell are simpler and are classified into two groups: algae and fungi. Plants with multiple types of cells are more complex and are classified into four groups: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
R.H. Whittaker Classification of Plant Kingdom
There are four major divisions of the plant kingdom:
1. Algae
2. Bryophytes
3. Pteridophytes
4. Angiosperms
Five Kingdom Classification
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
