Table of Contents
Arrhenius Equation Derivation
The Arrhenius equation is a mathematical expression that quantifies the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction. The equation is derived from the experimental observation that the rate of a chemical reaction increases with increasing temperature. The equation is named for the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius, who first proposed it in 1889.
The Arrhenius equation is a mathematical expression that quantifies the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction. The equation is derived from the experimental observation that the rate of a chemical reaction increases with increasing temperature. The equation is named for the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius, who first proposed it in 1889.
The equation is expressed as
\[ k = A e^{-E/RT} \]
where
k is the reaction rate
A is the pre-exponential factor
E is the activation energy
RT is the universal gas constant
The pre-exponential factor A is a constant that depends on the reaction mechanism. The activation energy E is the energy required for the reaction to occur. The reaction rate increases with increasing temperature as the energy barrier for the reaction is overcome more easily at higher temperatures. The equation is valid for all types of chemical reactions.
Impact of Temperature on Rate of Reaction
Temperature affects the rate of reaction in two ways: the speed of the molecules and the energy of the molecules.
The speed of the molecules is affected by the temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move. This is because the higher the temperature, the more energy the molecules have.
The energy of the molecules is affected by the temperature. The higher the temperature, the more energy the molecules have. This is because the higher the temperature, the more heat the molecules have.
Real-Life Examples of This Theory:
The bystander effect is the phenomenon that people are less likely to provide help to a victim when there are other people around. This is thought to be because people assume that someone else will help or that the victim is not really in need of help.
There are a few real-life examples of the bystander effect. One example is the Kitty Genovese case. In 1964, Kitty Genovese was raped and murdered outside her apartment building in Queens, New York. It was later found that 38 people heard her screams and saw the attack, but no one called the police.
Another example is the case of the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks. During the attacks, several people were left stranded on the rooftop of a building. However, none of the people on the ground floor or the people in neighboring buildings came to help them, and they all eventually died.
Both of these cases illustrate how the bystander effect can lead to people not getting the help they need.
Significance of Arrhenius Equation
The Arrhenius equation states that the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants raised to the power of the activation energy divided by the temperature. The equation is used to predict the rate of a chemical reaction at a given temperature.
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