Table of Contents
Begusarai, located on the northern bank of the sacred Ganges River in Bihar’s Mithila region, is the state’s industrial and financial capital. With its vibrant history and cultural heritage, this bustling city is a synthesis of tradition and progress.
Explore the geographical beauty of Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary, with its diverse floodplains and ecological richness. Discover the cultural tapestry woven by traditions such as Simaria fair, Dhuno-Naach dance, and festivals such as Chhaith and Durga Puja. Dive into Begusarai’s economic backbone, where agriculture thrives alongside industrial prowess led by the Barauni refinery.
Join us as we explore the linguistic diversity, political landscape, and educational institutions that shape Begusarai’s identity. Begusarai emerges as a dynamic district that honours its historical roots while paving the way for a vibrant and sustainable future, thanks to notable personalities such as poet Ramdhari Singh Dinkar and bustling cities and towns contributing to its economic and cultural vibrancy.
Etymology and Historical Roots of Begusarai
The name “Begusarai” comes from a man named Begu, who worked as the caretaker of Sarai, the town’s old market. This historical nod adds a layer of significance to the city’s identity, intertwining spirituality with the city’s very name. Begusarai was established in 1870 as part of Munger District, but gained district status in 1972, cementing its place in Bihar’s historical landscape.
Geography and Topography of Begusarai
Begusarai has an elevation of 41 metres and is located at 25.42°N 86.13°E. The district is located in North Bihar and borders Khagaria, Munger, Patna, and Samastipur. Low-lying terrain characterises the topography, which is divided into three floodplains: the Ganga floodplain, the Burhi Gandak floodplain, and the Kareha-Bagmati floodplain. This geographic variety contributes to the district’s ecological richness.
Flora and Fauna
The district is home to the Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary, recognized as a Ramsar Convention Site wetland. The sanctuary, established in 1989, spans an area of 63 km² and contributes to the preservation of diverse avian species, enhancing the ecological balance of the region.
Demographics of Begusarai
As of the 2011 census, Begusarai Municipal Corporation had a population of 251,136. The demographic composition reflects the cultural diversity, with Hinduism being the predominant religion (89%), followed by Islam (10.50%). The literacy rate stands at 79.35%, underscoring the commitment to education in the region.
Government and Politics
Begusarai has a long political history, earning the nickname “Leningrad of Bihar” because of its historical ties to communism. It was an important part of the independence movement and the home of Shri Krishna Sinha, a key figure in the formation of modern Bihar. The city continues to shape the political landscape, with a diverse set of ideologies shaping its governance.
Begusarai Economy
Agriculture is the backbone of the Begusarai economy, with crops such as oilseeds, anise seeds, tobacco, jute, potatoes, red chilies, tomatoes, and rapeseeds dominating. In addition, the district has emerged as a significant contributor to the production of fruits such as litchi, mango, guava, and banana. The Barauni refinery is a significant economic contributor, infusing around Rs 500 crore into the state exchequer each year.
Begusarai Cultural Heritage
Begusarai’s cultural tapestry is deeply ingrained in Mithila traditions. Simaria, a devotional fair held annually in November, exemplifies the locals’ devotion. The distinctive clothing, which includes Punjabi Kurta, Dhoti, and traditional Maithil paintings, reflects the rich cultural heritage passed down through generations. Festivals such as Chhaith and Durga Puja are celebrated with zeal, adding vibrancy to the city’s cultural calendar.
- Dance and Art
Dhuno-Naach, a traditional dance form, is a cultural gem of Begusarai and the wider Mithila region. The art of painting, deeply rooted in the region, has evolved into various forms such as Begusarai art, Madhubani art, Darbhanga art, and Naugachia art, contributing to the cultural identity of the district.
- Main Festivals
Begusarai’s calendar is adorned with a plethora of festivals, each carrying its unique significance. From the grandeur of Chhaith and Durga Puja to the cultural richness of Aghaniya Chhaith and Vivaha Panchami, the city pulsates with joyous celebrations throughout the year.
Language speak in Begusarai
The linguistic diversity of Begusarai is evident in the prevalence of languages such as Hindi, Urdu, and Maithili. Hindi, spoken by 79.77% of the population, serves as a unifying thread among the residents.
Political Landscape
The district’s political scene is dynamic, with representatives from various parties shaping the legislative landscape. The presence of the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and Janata Dal (United) (JD(U)) among others adds a multifaceted dimension to the political discourse.
Administration and Subdivisions
Begusarai district is administratively divided into subdivisions, including Begusarai, Manjhaul, Teghra, Balia, and Bakhari. Each subdivision contributes to the overall governance and development of the district.
Cities and Towns
Begusarai’s urban and rural landscape is dotted with cities and towns like Barauni, Cheria Bariyarpur, Manjhaul, and Teghra, each playing a role in the district’s economic and cultural vibrancy.
Economic Hub
Barauni emerges as the major industrial town in Begusarai, hosting significant establishments like Barauni Refinery, Barauni Thermal Power Station, Urvarak Nagar Barauni, Garhara locomotive shed, and Pepsi bottling plant. The district’s economic prowess is further highlighted by its status as one of the largest milk-consuming districts in India.
Available Transportation in Begusarai
Begusarai’s strategic location is complemented by a well-connected transportation network. The Barauni Junction, a major railway hub, facilitates connectivity to key cities like New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai. The district’s road network, including National Highways 28 and 31, enhances accessibility and promotes economic activities.
Education
The educational landscape of Begusarai includes institutions like Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar College of Engineering, contributing to the academic development of the region. G D College stands out as a notable institution providing undergraduate and postgraduate education.
Notable Personalities
Begusarai has given birth to notable individuals such as poet Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Bollywood actor Kranti Prakash Jha, TV actress Sriti Jha, and political figures such as Kanhaiya Kumar and Bhola Singh.
Begusarai is emerging as a vibrant district, balancing its rich cultural heritage with economic development. Begusarai is a testament to Bihar’s resilience and growth, having grown from humble beginnings in 1870 to its current status as an industrial and financial hub. As the district evolves, it embraces its historic roots while charting a course for a vibrant and sustainable future.
Begusarai FAQs
What is the significance of Begusarai's name?
The name Begusarai comes from a man named Begu, who served as the caretaker of Sarai, the town's old market. This historical connection adds spiritual meaning to the city's identity.
When was Begusarai established, and how did it become a district?
Begusarai was established in 1870 as part of Munger District and gained district status in 1972, securing its place in Bihar's historical landscape.
What is the geographical location of Begusarai?
Begusarai is situated at 25.42°N 86.13°E in North Bihar, sharing borders with Khagaria, Munger, Patna, and Samastipur. It features diverse floodplains along the Ganges River.
Tell us about the Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary.
The Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary, established in 1989, covers 63 km² and is a Ramsar Convention Site wetland. It contributes to the preservation of various bird species in the region.
What is the population of Begusarai, and what is its demographic composition?
As of the 2011 census, Begusarai Municipal Corporation had a population of 251,136. The demographic composition includes Hinduism as the predominant religion (89%) and Islam (10.50%). The literacy rate is 79.35%.
