Table of Contents
Allotropes of Phosphorus
Allotropes of phosphorus are different structural forms of the element phosphorus. The most common form of phosphorus is white phosphorus, which is a waxy solid. Red phosphorus is a brittle, red solid. Black phosphorus is a black solid.
The different allotropes of phosphorus have different properties. White phosphorus is the most reactive form of phosphorus and is poisonous. Red phosphorus is less reactive than white phosphorus and is not poisonous. Black phosphorus is the least reactive form of phosphorus.
The structure of the allotropes of phosphorus is also different. White phosphorus has a tetrahedral structure. Red phosphorus has a cubic structure. Black phosphorus has a layered structure.
The comparison of the allotropes of phosphorus is also different. White phosphorus is the most reactive form of phosphorus and is poisonous. Red phosphorus is less reactive than white phosphorus and is not poisonous. Black phosphorus is the least reactive form of phosphorus.
Allotropes of Phosphorus
There are three allotropes of phosphorus: white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus.
- White phosphorus is a soft, waxy, phosphorus that is a translucent white. It is the most common allotrope of phosphorus and is used in matches, flares, and fireworks.
- Red phosphorus is a hard, red, crystalline form of phosphorus. It is not as common as white phosphorus and is used in smoke grenades, fireworks, and matches.
- Black phosphorus is a black, amorphous form of phosphorus. It is the least common allotrope of phosphorus and has no practical applications.
Black Phosphorus
Black phosphorus is a brittle, dark-colored allotrope of phosphorus. It is a semiconductor with a bandgap of about 1.2 eV. Unlike white phosphorus, black phosphorus is not toxic.
Physical properties of Black Phosphorus
Black phosphorus has a higher melting point than white phosphorus, and it is also a better electrical conductor. It is also more brittle than white phosphorus.
Chemical properties of Black Phosphorus
Black phosphorus is a brittle, dark-colored allotrope of phosphorus. It is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.2 eV. It is a poor conductor of electricity.
Structure of Black Phosphorus
Black phosphorus is a layered crystal with a two-dimensional structure. Each layer is a single atom thick.
White Phosphorus
- White phosphorus is a highly toxic chemical that is used in a variety of industrial and military applications. It is a white, waxy solid that is soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
- White phosphorus is most commonly used in the production of flares, smoke screens, and fireworks. It is also used in the manufacture of explosives and as a poison gas.
- White phosphorus is highly toxic and can cause severe burns. Exposure to the gas can cause a condition known as phossy jaw, which is a progressive and often fatal bone infection.
Physical properties of White Phosphorus
White phosphorus is a flammable, colorless solid that emits a faint, white light when exposed to air. It is the most reactive form of phosphorus, and it ignites spontaneously in the presence of oxygen. White phosphorus is also very poisonous, and it can cause severe burns when it comes into contact with skin.
Chemical properties of White Phosphorus
White phosphorus is a very reactive element and it is able to form a number of different compounds. Some of the most common compounds include phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus trioxide, and phosphorus trichloride. White phosphorus is also able to form a number of different allotropes, which are different physical forms of the same element. The most common allotropes of white phosphorus are red phosphorus and violet phosphorus.
Structure of Black Phosphorus
Black phosphorus is a two-dimensional (2D) material consisting of a single layer of phosphorus atoms arranged in a honeycomb-like lattice. Each atom is bonded to three other atoms, forming a hexagonal network.
Red Phosphorous
- Red phosphorus is a metastable form of phosphorus that is used in matches, explosives, and pyrotechnics. It is a waxy solid that is slightly red in color. It is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulfide.
- Red phosphorus is made by heating white phosphorus in the presence of a small amount of carbon.
Physical properties of Red Phosphorus
Red phosphorus is a soft, waxy, translucent solid with a faint, pinkish hue. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide. It is a poor conductor of electricity and has a low melting point of 44.3 degrees Celsius.
Chemical properties of Red Phosphorus
Red phosphorus is a non-metallic, brittle, red crystalline solid with a Mohs hardness of 2.5. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide. It is a poor conductor of electricity.
Structure of Red Phosphorus
Red phosphorus is a solid at room temperature. It is a white or colorless powder that is insoluble in water.
Red phosphorus is a form of phosphorus that has been treated with heat to remove a portion of the hydrogen. It is the most stable form of phosphorus and is not reactive.
Difference between Black Phosphorus, White Phosphorus and Red Phosphorus
- The three main types of phosphorus are black phosphorus, white phosphorus and red phosphorus. Black phosphorus is the most stable, followed by white phosphorus, and then red phosphorus. All three types of phosphorus are flammable.
- Black phosphorus is a non-metallic, solid element that is black in color. It is the most stable form of phosphorus and is not reactive. White phosphorus is a soft, waxy, flammable solid that is white in color. It is the most reactive form of phosphorus and is poisonous. Red phosphorus is a hard, brittle, non-metallic solid that is red in color. It is the least reactive form of phosphorus.
