Solution:
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of (A).The Balkan region became the main cause of nationalist unrest in Europe after 1871. The Balkans are a region with wide geographic and racial diversity. The Balkans became extremely volatile as a result of the rise of romantic nationalist ideologies and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire attempted to strengthen itself throughout the nineteenth century through modernization and internal reforms, but with very little success. Its European subject ethnicities gradually rebelled and proclaimed independence. The Balkan peoples grounded their demands for independence or political rights on nationality and utilised history to show that they had once been free but had since been oppressed by other powers.
