Class 10 Biology Worksheet Control and Coordination

Control and coordination are essential processes that help living organisms function smoothly and respond to changes in their environment. These processes allow the body to react to different stimuli, maintain balance, and work in harmony. In Class 10 Biology, the topic of “Control and Coordination” helps students understand how the human body and plants regulate their activities and adapt to their surroundings.

In humans and animals, control and coordination are managed by two major systems: the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system uses electrical signals to send messages quickly, enabling instant responses like moving your hand away from a hot object. On the other hand, the endocrine system releases hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate slower, long-term processes like growth, metabolism, and stress response.

Plants also exhibit control and coordination, even though they do not have a nervous system. They use hormones like auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins to regulate growth and respond to stimuli such as light, gravity, and water. Movements like bending towards sunlight or roots growing downward show how plants adapt to their environment.

This worksheet on Control and Coordination is designed to help Class 10 students understand these fascinating processes in a simple and structured way. It includes questions that cover important concepts, diagrams, and practical applications. By solving these questions, students can strengthen their knowledge and be well-prepared for exams. Control and coordination are not just biological topics but essential processes that help every living organism survive and thrive!

Do Check: Control and Coordination Chapter 7 Important Questions Class 10 Science

What is Control and Coordination?

Control and coordination refer to the processes by which organisms detect and respond to stimuli to maintain harmony within the body and adapt to their surroundings.

• Control ensures that the various parts of the body function in an organized manner.
• Coordination refers to the integration of activities between different systems to produce a meaningful response.

The Nervous System in Humans

The human nervous system is the primary control and coordination system. It consists of:

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes the brain and spinal cord. It processes information and generates responses.
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes all the nerves outside the CNS that carry messages to and from different body parts.

Divisions of the Nervous System

1. Brain:
   • Forebrain: Responsible for voluntary actions, emotions, memory, and thinking.
   • Midbrain: Coordinates reflex actions and sensory input.
   • Hindbrain: Controls involuntary actions like breathing and balance.
2. Spinal Cord:
   • Acts as a relay center for transmitting signals between the brain and body.
3. Nerves:
   • Sensory nerves: Carry signals from sense organs to the brain.
   • Motor nerves: Transmit instructions from the brain to muscles and glands.

Reflex Actions

Reflex actions are quick, involuntary responses to stimuli. For example, withdrawing your hand when touching something hot is a reflex action. Reflex arcs involve sensory neurons, interneurons in the spinal cord, and motor neurons.

Hormonal Coordination in Animals

Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands. They help in:

• Regulating growth and development (e.g., growth hormone).
• Controlling metabolism (e.g., thyroid hormones).
• Managing responses to stress (e.g., adrenaline).

Major glands in the human body include:

• Pituitary gland
• Thyroid gland
• Adrenal gland
• Pancreas
• Reproductive glands (ovaries and testes)

Do Check: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

Control and Coordination in Plants

Plants do not have a nervous system or endocrine glands. They respond to stimuli like light, gravity, water, and touch using hormones and movements.

Plant Hormones:

1. Auxins: Promote cell elongation and growth.
2. Gibberellins: Stimulate seed germination and flowering.
3. Cytokinins: Promote cell division.
4. Abscisic Acid (ABA): Inhibits growth and helps in stress responses.

Tropic Movements:

• Phototropism: Movement towards light.
• Geotropism: Movement towards gravity.
• Hydrotropism: Movement towards water.
• Thigmotropism: Response to touch.

Worksheet: Control and Coordination

Section A: Objective Questions

1. Fill in the Blanks

1. The unit of the nervous system is called the ______.
2. ______ is the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.
3. The involuntary action of pulling back a hand when it touches a hot object is called ______.
4. ______ is the plant hormone that promotes seed germination.
5. The ______ system is responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the human body.

2. Match the Following

Column A	Column B
(a) Thyroid gland	(i) Insulin
(b) Reflex action	(ii) Tropic movement
(c) Pancreas	(iii) Thyroxine
(d) Auxin	(iv) Reflex arc

3. True or False

1. Hormones are secreted by exocrine glands. ( )
2. The spinal cord is part of the Peripheral Nervous System. ( )
3. Cytokinins promote cell division in plants. ( )
4. The cerebrum is responsible for voluntary actions. ( )
5. Abscisic acid promotes plant growth. ( )

Do Check: Control and Coordination Class 10 MCQ with Answers

Section B: Short-Answer Questions

1. What is the role of sensory and motor neurons in the nervous system?
2. Explain the function of the cerebellum.
3. Define reflex action with an example.
4. Name two differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
5. What are the roles of auxins and gibberellins in plants?

Section C: Long-Answer Questions

1. Describe the structure and function of the human brain.
2. Explain the process of a reflex arc with the help of a diagram.
3. Write a note on hormonal coordination in humans, mentioning at least three hormones and their functions.
4. How do plants respond to light and gravity? Describe the role of hormones in these movements.
5. Compare and contrast the nervous system in humans and the response mechanisms in plants.

Section D: Diagram-Based Questions

1. Draw and label the structure of a neuron.
2. Illustrate the reflex arc involved in a reflex action.
3. Create a flowchart showing the response of a plant to light (phototropism).
4. Label the major endocrine glands in the human body on a diagram.

Section E: Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

1. Why are reflex actions important for survival? Explain with examples.
2. How would a lack of insulin affect the human body? Discuss in terms of hormonal control.
3. If a plant is placed horizontally in a pot, what kind of movement would its roots and stem show? Explain why.
4. A person accidentally touches a live electric wire and quickly pulls back their hand. Explain the role of the brain in this situation.

Practical-Based Questions

1. Experiment to Show Phototropism:
   • Take two potted plants and place one in the sunlight and the other in a dark room with a light source on one side. Observe and record the growth patterns.
   • Questions:
     • What is phototropism?
     • What was the direction of growth in each plant?
     • Which hormone is responsible for this movement?
2. Experiment on Reflex Actions:
   • Gently tap a friend’s knee and observe the movement.
   • Questions:
     • What is the name of this reflex action?
     • Which parts of the nervous system are involved?

Do Check: Control and Coordination Class 10 MCQ with Answers

Importance of Control and Coordination

1. Adaptation to Environment: These processes allow organisms to adjust to changes in their surroundings.
2. Efficient Functioning: Control systems regulate organ functions, ensuring the body works harmoniously.
3. Survival: Quick responses to stimuli like danger or environmental changes increase survival chances.
4. Growth and Development: Hormonal control ensures proper growth and development in both animals and plants.