Class 10 Physics Worksheet Electricity

Electricity is one of the most exciting and practical chapters in Class 10 Physics. It helps us understand the science behind the electrical devices we use daily, such as lights, fans, mobile phones, and computers. Learning electricity concepts not only builds a strong foundation for advanced studies but also makes us more aware of how to use electricity efficiently and safely.

In this article, we’ll cover key topics, formulas, and examples related to the Class 10 Physics Electricity worksheet. This comprehensive guide will help students grasp the basics and practice effectively.

What is Electricity?

Electricity is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. This flow is due to the movement of electrons, which are tiny negatively charged particles in atoms.

Key Terms in Electricity

• Electric Charge (Q): The basic property of matter responsible for electrical phenomena. Its unit is the coulomb (C).
• Current (I): The rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor. It is measured in amperes (A).
• Voltage (V): The potential difference between two points in a circuit. It drives the flow of electric current and is measured in volts (V).
• Resistance (R): The property of a material that opposes the flow of current. It is measured in ohms (Ω).

Important Formulas

1. Ohm’s Law
   $$V=I\times R$$

   Voltage = Current × Resistance

2. Resistance in Series
   $$R_{\text{total}}=R_1+R_2+R_3+\dots$$

    

3. Resistance in Parallel
   $$\frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}}=\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}+\frac{1}{R_3}+\dots$$

    

4. Electric Power
   $$P=V\times I$$

   Power = Voltage × Current

5. Electrical Energy
   $$E=P\times t$$

   Energy = Power × Time

Key Concepts

1. Electric Current

Electric current is the flow of charges in a circuit. It is given by:

 

$$I = \frac{Q}{t}$$

​where:

 

$I$

$I$ = current in amperes

$Q$

$Q$ = charge in coulombs

$t$

$t$ = time in seconds

2. Potential Difference (Voltage)

Potential difference is the work done to move a unit charge from one point to another. It is calculated as:

 

$$V = \frac{W}{Q}$$

​where:

$V$

$V$ = potential difference in volts

$\mathrm{<span\; style="font-family:\; Georgia,\; \text{'}Times\; New\; Roman\text{'},\; \text{'}Bitstream\; Charter\text{'},\; Times,\; serif;">W=\; work\; done\; in\; joules</span>}$

$Q$ = charge in coulombs

3. Resistance

Resistance depends on the material, length, and thickness of the conductor. It can be calculated using:

 

$$R=\rho \frac{L}{\mathrm{A<span\; style="font-family:\; Georgia,\; \text{'}Times\; New\; Roman\text{'},\; \text{'}Bitstream\; Charter\text{'},\; Times,\; serif;"></span>}}$$

where:

$R$

$R$ = resistance

$\rho$

$\rho$ = resistivity of the material

$L$

$L$ = length of the conductor

$A$

$A$ = cross-sectional area

Circuit Diagrams

A circuit diagram is a visual representation of an electrical circuit using symbols for components like resistors, batteries, and switches.

Basic Components in a Circuit

1. Battery: Provides energy to the circuit.
2. Resistor: Limits the flow of current.
3. Switch: Turns the circuit on or off.
4. Bulb: A load that converts electrical energy into light energy.

Series Circuit

• Components are connected end-to-end.
• Same current flows through all components.
• Total resistance increases with each added resistor.

Parallel Circuit

• Components are connected across common points.
• Voltage across each component is the same.
• Total resistance decreases with each added resistor.

Sample Problems on Class 10 Physics Electricity

1. Ohm’s Law Problem

Question: A current of 2 A flows through a resistor of 5 Ω. Find the voltage across the resistor.

Solution:
Using Ohm’s Law:

 

$$V=I\times R$$

 

$$V=2\times 5=10\text{V}$$

 

Answer: The voltage is 10 V.

2. Resistance in Series

Question: Three resistors of 2 Ω, 4 Ω, and 6 Ω are connected in series. Find the total resistance.

Solution:
In a series circuit:

 

$$R_{\text{total}}=R_1+R_2+R_{\mathrm{3<span\; style="font-family:\; Georgia,\; \text{'}Times\; New\; Roman\text{'},\; \text{'}Bitstream\; Charter\text{'},\; Times,\; serif;\; font-size:\; 16px;"></span>}}$$

 

$$R_{\text{total}}=2+4+6=12\mathrm{\Omega }$$

 

Answer: The total resistance is 12 Ω.

3. Resistance in Parallel

Question: Two resistors of 6 Ω and 12 Ω are connected in parallel. Find the total resistance.

Solution:
In a parallel circuit:

 

$$\frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}}=\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_{\mathrm{2<span\; style="font-family:\; Georgia,\; \text{'}Times\; New\; Roman\text{'},\; \text{'}Bitstream\; Charter\text{'},\; Times,\; serif;\; font-size:\; 16px;"></span>}}}$$

 

$$\frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}}=\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{12}=\frac{2}{12}+\frac{1}{12}=\frac{3}{\mathrm{12<span\; style="font-family:\; Georgia,\; \text{'}Times\; New\; Roman\text{'},\; \text{'}Bitstream\; Charter\text{'},\; Times,\; serif;"></span>}}$$

 

$$R_{\text{total}}=\frac{12}{3}=4\mathrm{\Omega }$$

 

Answer: The total resistance is 4 Ω.

4. Power Problem

Question: An electric iron operates at 220 V and consumes 2 A current. Find its power.

Solution:
Using the power formula:

 

$$P=V\times I$$

 

$$P=220\times 2=440\text{W}$$

 

Answer: The power is 440 W.

Class 10 Physics Electricity Worksheet 1: Basic Concepts

Objective Questions

1. The SI unit of electric charge is:
   • (a) Volt
   • (b) Ampere
   • (c) Coulomb
   • (d) Ohm
2. What is the rate of flow of electric charge called?
   • (a) Resistance
   • (b) Current
   • (c) Voltage
   • (d) Power
3. True or False:
   • (a) Resistance decreases with an increase in length of the conductor.
   • (b) Electric current is a scalar quantity.
   • (c) Copper has high resistivity.

Fill in the Blanks

1. The opposition to the flow of current in a circuit is called ______.
2. 1 kWh is equal to ______ joules.
3. The potential difference is measured using a ______.

Short Answer Questions

1. Define electric current and its unit.
2. Why do conductors have low resistance?
3. What factors affect the resistance of a wire?

Class 10 Physics Electricity Worksheet 2: Ohm’s Law and Resistance

Numerical Problems

1. A wire has a resistance of 10 Ω. If a current of 2 A flows through it, find the potential difference across the wire.
2. Two resistors of 4 Ω and 6 Ω are connected in series. Find the equivalent resistance.
3. A 12 V battery is connected to a resistor, and a current of 3 A flows through it. Calculate the resistance of the resistor.

True or False

1. Resistance in parallel circuits is greater than in series circuits.
2. Ohm’s Law is valid for all types of materials.
3. Nichrome is used for making heating elements because it has high resistivity.

Application-Based Questions

1. Why does a bulb glow brighter in a parallel circuit compared to a series circuit?
2. A fuse is used in electrical circuits for safety. Explain how it works.

Class 10 Physics Electricity Worksheet 3: Power and Energy

Numerical Problems

1. A 100 W bulb is used for 10 hours. Calculate the energy consumed in kWh.
2. An electric heater has a power rating of 1500 W and operates at 220 V. Find the current drawn by the heater.
3. If an electric appliance operates for 30 minutes and consumes 6000 J of energy, calculate its power rating.

Match the Columns

Class 10 Physics Electricity Worksheet 4: Circuit Diagrams

Activity-Based Questions

1. Draw a circuit diagram for the following setup:
   • A 6 V battery connected to a 4 Ω resistor and a bulb in series.
2. Modify the above circuit by adding another bulb in parallel with the first bulb.

Identify Errors

In the given circuit diagram:

• A voltmeter is connected in series with a resistor. Identify and correct the mistake.
• The circuit has a missing switch. Suggest where to place it.

Analysis Questions

1. What will happen to the brightness of the bulbs if a third bulb is added in parallel?
2. If one bulb in a series circuit fuses, what will happen to the current flow in the circuit?

Class 10 Physics Electricity Worksheet 5: Advanced Problems

Case Study-Based Questions

1. Case Study:
   In a house, the main electric circuit has a fuse of 10 A. If appliances like a refrigerator (5 A), washing machine (3 A), and iron (2.5 A) are operated together, will the fuse blow? Explain your answer.
2. Case Study:
   A student sets up a circuit with two resistors, one of 3 Ω and another of 6 Ω, connected in parallel. The voltage across the combination is 12 V. Calculate the total resistance, current through each resistor, and total current.

Class 10 Physics Electricity Worksheet 6: Mixed Practice

Conceptual Questions

1. How does the thickness of a wire affect its resistance?
2. Why are copper and aluminum wires commonly used in household wiring?

Practical-Based Questions

1. Describe how to set up an experiment to verify Ohm’s Law.
2. List the precautions to take while measuring current and voltage in a circuit.

Challenge Problems

1. A circuit consists of three resistors: 2 Ω, 3 Ω, and 6 Ω connected in parallel. The total current in the circuit is 3 A. Find the current through each resistor.
2. A lamp consumes 60 W of power when connected to a 220 V supply. How much current does it draw?

Class 10 Physics Electricity Worksheet 7: Real-Life Applications

Think and Answer

1. Why are electric wires covered with an insulating material?
2. Why do high-voltage transmission lines have low resistance?
3. Why does a filament in a bulb glow but not the connecting wires?

Project-Based Learning

1. Design a simple electric circuit using household items like batteries, wires, and bulbs. Write down your observations.
2. Conduct a small survey to find the energy consumption of different devices at home. Prepare a report.