AML Full Form – Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

AML Full Form is Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. It is a serious disease that affects the blood and bone marrow, which is the soft tissue inside our bones where blood cells are made. Acute Myeloid Leukaemia is a type of cancer that grows quickly and needs immediate treatment. In AML, the body produces an excessive number of abnormal white blood cells that do not function properly. These bad cells crowd out the healthy blood cells. It makes a person very sick.

AML can cause problems like tiredness, easy bruising, bleeding, infections, and breathing trouble. Even though AML is dangerous, modern treatments like chemotherapy and stem cell transplants can help many people get better. It is essential to consult a doctor promptly if someone exhibits symptoms.

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What is AML Full Form?

AML Full Form is Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. It is a type of blood cancer. It affects the bone marrow, which is the soft part inside your bones where new blood cells are made.

In AML, the bone marrow makes too many abnormal white blood cells. These bad cells are called leukemic cells. They do not work like normal cells. Instead, they crowd out the healthy blood cells.

This is dangerous because healthy blood cells are needed to carry oxygen, fight infections, and help stop bleeding. Without enough good blood cells, a person can get very sick quickly.

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia is called “acute” because it grows and spreads fast. People with AML need treatment as soon as possible. Doctors use tests on blood and bone marrow to find out if someone has AML.

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Symptoms of AML

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia can cause many different symptoms. These symptoms happen because the abnormal cells take over the bone marrow and stop it from making healthy cells.

The following are the common signs and symptoms include:

• Feeling very tired all the time.
• Getting short of breath even with small activities.
• Bruising or bleeding easily.
• Frequent infections that do not go away quickly.
• Fever without a clear reason.
• Losing weight without trying.
• Pain in the bones or joints.
• Swelling in the belly area.
• Loss of appetite.
• Skin rashes.

These symptoms can be scary. But remember, many other illnesses can also cause similar problems. Only a doctor can say for sure if it is AML. If someone has these symptoms, they should see a doctor as soon as possible for tests and care.

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Causes and Risk Factors of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Doctors do not always know what causes AML. But there are some known risk factors that can make it more likely.

The following are the causes and risk factors of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

• Age: It is more common in people over 60.
• Gender: More common in men than women.
• Family History: Having family members with AML or other blood problems.
• Previous Cancer Treatments: Some chemotherapy or radiation treatments can increase the risk.
• Exposure to Chemicals: Such as benzene, found in factories or gasoline.
• Smoking: Smoking cigarettes can raise the risk.
• Genetic Disorders: Conditions like Down syndrome can make AML more likely.

It is important to know that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean someone will definitely get AML. Many people with these risk factors never develop it. But knowing about risks can help doctors watch carefully for signs.

How Doctors Diagnose AML?

Doctors use several tests to find out if someone has Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. First, they will ask about symptoms and do a physical exam. They will look for signs like pale skin, bruises, or swelling.

Next, they will do blood tests. These tests check for abnormal white blood cells and other signs of leukemia.

If the blood test suggests AML, doctors will do a bone marrow test. They take a small sample of bone marrow, usually from the hip bone, using a special needle. It can hurt a little, but medicine can help with pain. The bone marrow sample shows if there are cancer cells.

Doctors may also use imaging tests like X-rays or scans to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

All of these tests help doctors understand how advanced the cancer is and plan the best treatment.

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Treatment Options for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Treating AML needs to happen quickly because it grows fast. There are several treatment phases:

1. Induction Chemotherapy: The first step is to kill as many cancer cells as possible. This helps the patient go into remission, meaning the cancer is no longer active.
2. Consolidation Therapy: Even if remission is reached, cancer cells might still be hiding. More chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant is used to make sure the cancer stays away.
3. Maintenance Therapy: Some people might get lower doses of treatment over time to stop the cancer from returning.
4. Stem Cell Transplant: For some patients, doctors replace the diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells from a donor.
5. Clinical Trials: Patients might be able to try new treatments that researchers are testing.

Doctors choose the treatment plan based on the patient’s age, health, and the type of AML. Even though Acute Myeloid Leukaemia is serious, treatment can help many people reach remission and live long lives.

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History of AML

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia has been known to doctors for a long time. Doctors first described this disease in the late 1800s. Back then, there were no good treatments. People with AML often got very sick quickly because doctors did not know how to stop the cancer cells from growing.

It was not until 1950s that real progress was made. That is when doctors started using chemotherapy, special strong medicines that kill cancer cells. This was the first time they could really fight AML.

Since then, treatments have improved a lot. Scientists have discovered better chemotherapy drugs with fewer side effects. They have also learned how to do stem cell transplants, which replace sick bone marrow with healthy cells.

Today, doctors and researchers are still working hard to find even better treatments. Even though Acute Myeloid Leukaemia is still a serious disease, many people can go into remission and live long, healthy lives with the right care.

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